Mental Awareness and Turmoil Blog

Author: Vicky

  • Pregnancy Loss, Death, and PTSD

    Someone recently asked me, “Can the death of a loved one cause PTSD?” Speaking from experience, my answer was “Yes!”What is PTSD? It stands for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder! Is PTSD a mental illness? The American Psychiatric Association acknowledges it as a mental illness. Basically, the symptoms can include nightmares, flashbacks of traumatic experiences, panic or anxiety attacks, hopelessness, and severe depression. I have seen many women who suffered from PTSD due to pregnancy losses. Some individuals are unaware that the heart begins to develop in an embryo by the third week after fertilization. I personally thought that life started at conception! However, other individuals do not believe this to be true.

    A  baby does not look anything like a baby / human being at the beginning of conception. There are several individuals who really never took a complete look at the development of life from the very beginning. I know it took me years to understand how a new life starts. I now understand that the heart is the first organ in the human body that starts to develop as a functioning organ in a embryo. Actually the heart starts to beat as early as around  21 to 22 days after conception. So actually a  heartbeat can be detected in a embryo at the 5th or  6th week of  the gestation stage. But according to several different areas  of the medical field a embryo heartbeat can be detectable on a transvaginal scan sometimes as early as 4 weeks after conception.

    Some research has shown that by the 10th week of gestation, all four chambers of the heart have developed completely. Given time, by the  10th week of gestation  legs, toes, arms, hands, and fingers are developing. The brain, spine, and the nervous system also start developing by the 4th week of gestation. Basically, let’s take a good look at what you have by week 10 of the gestation stage: you have a heartbeat, brain, nervous system, legs, toes, arms, hands, and fingers that are all present. Throughout the years, I have known several women who went into labor early and who delivered their baby as early as just  25 weeks of pregnancy. The question here would be,  “Did the baby live?” In several cases the baby did live!

    What was the outcome of having a baby at that early stage of pregnancy?  I have personally had the chance over the years to watch several of these children grow up. They are amazing human beings. Many were born this early and had no birth defects. They were fragile, small babies but were blessed to have wonderful neonatal care after birth in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit {NICU} facility to be given the chance to survive. However, not all babies are born in areas where this type of care is provided. And unfortunately, not all babies are lucky enough to be born without birth defects. I have a close friend who had a baby {son}, who was born early. She went into labor during her  26 weeks of pregnancy. He was extremely small and fragile but a fighter.

    As of today, Samuel is  6 ft. and 175 pounds. A 16-year-old who is very smart and dreams of going to college after high school. He was lucky to be born without any birth defects or problems after birth other than being born early and small. I have multiple stories of babies born as early as even 22 weeks of gestation. Some babies survived, and several did not. I can honestly say that only two that I know were born with serious birth defects. Several years ago, I knew a woman who had a baby that was born with his heart on the outside of his chest. Surgery was performed, and he lived. Unfortunately, 3 years later he developed more heart problems and died. That little boy was a bright ball of sunshine and loved by his family.

    I asked his mother several years ago whether she would have gone through with her pregnancy if she knew ahead of time about her baby’s problems. If she knew there was a possibility that one day he may have to face death. She provided me with a heartfelt answer and stated to me that in a short time her son made a huge impact on the lives he touched during the time he had on this earth. Even today, many people still remember this little boy.I find it no surprise that after several years not only are there adults who remember this little boy, but several children and teenagers. During his lifetime on this earth his courage, strength, love, and that wonderful smile are remembered by everyone. This child brought joy to everyone he came in contact with.

    I was once told that from the time of conception to the day a parent takes their last breath, that is your child regardless. Losing a child during a woman’s pregnancy is very painful regardless of how far along the pregnancy had developed. I knew a woman {Joan} who had a miscarriage at 8 weeks and suffered from anxiety and severe depression because it was a traumatic experience for her. There was a woman {Carrie}  who miscarried at 4 weeks of pregnancy. She was heartbroken and severely depressed, and withdrawn for over a year. Two years later, a coworker that she knew had a miscarriage during her 6 weeks of pregnancy. Carrie stated it brought horrible flashbacks of her own experience and how she felt during her pregnancy loss.

    Women who experience a miscarriage, delivered a stillborn child, or lost a baby due to neonatal death are at an extremely high risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD}.I can personal speak from experience due to my first daughter who was stillborn. At that time I knew nothing about PTSD. No one explained anything to me as to how dreadful I would feel for a very long time after losing her. I was 32  weeks pregnant when I went in labor. That’s 7 months and 2 weeks. When it first happen I was completely emotionally numb.  Afterwards, I suffered from nightmares, flashbacks, depression, panic attacks, and severe anxiety. Unfortunately, I had someone tell me once  that it was not like I delivered a live baby. But to me she was still my baby.

    There are many days when I think about her. I find myself asking, “What would she look like today? The holidays are strange because to me I feel like someone is missing from my life. I watch my other children who are now adults and think … “You know it would be amazing had she lived to enjoy this time with her siblings.” Especially since I am very close to my 3 siblings. Time has made the pain of losing her easier to deal with. But then again, when I heard of a woman having a miscarriage, especially a woman who has delivered a stillborn baby, it often brings back painful memories of what I went through with my own loss. There have been times throughout the years that something like that has triggered my own nightmares.

    There are days afterwards I am very moody, and my anxiety is at an all-time high. It is odd that for a long time afterwards I would wake up in the middle of the night and think I heard a baby crying. I often thought that I was losing my mind. Years later when I was pregnant with my second daughter by my second husband, my anxiety level was especially high. Throughout my pregnancy, I worried about everything. I had nightmares, and would wake up in a cold sweat. I was terrified that the same thing would happen all over again and I would lose her as well.  I am thankful for my loving and understanding husband as well as  a  friend that was a retired OB nurse who talked to me often during my pregnancy.

    She encouraged me to think positive thoughts. She also helped to educate me on a lot of things I did not understand. And on the day I went to the hospital to give birth to my second daughter I was grateful that I had another elderly OB nurse that was there with me. That nurse held my hand and talked to me the whole time. I ended up with an emergency C-section, and I was fully awake during that time. I remember hearing my baby cry, and it was the most wonderful sound I ever heard. My husband was a truck driver and did not get to the hospital until after our daughter was born.Did my panic attacks or anxiety attacks go way after she was born? No, for several months they did not go away. I still had cold sweats and nightmares.

    I would wake up in the middle of the night and go put my hand on her chest or back to see if she was still breathing. Losing a child at any stage of life is one of the most difficult moments of a parent{s} life. During the time that I lost my first daughter I was married to my first husband and we already had a son. Our son was 3 and a half years old. My first husband was in the military and overseas . He  had meet someone else in which  he became interested in. I was very young, already had a  small child, going to college, working part-time, and pregnant on top of everything else. My stress level was high. I lost my daughter before my first husband came back to the state. It never bothered him.He had never shown any emotions or concern about her death.

    We eventually divorced and went our separate ways. He has never been a father to our son we had together. To this day I have no use for “deadbeat dads!” I  feel like if I had the emotional support, then maybe I would not have developed such an extremely bad case of PTSD. Strong emotional support is necessary for women who go through this loss at any stage. Years later, after attending college to further my education, I am thankful that I have been able to understand the damage that this can do to a woman’s state of mind. Support systems need to be in place for every woman to have the opportunity to reach out for help. It is critical to screen women after a loss for PTSD. Support systems should also be available for the men involved as well.

    Many men suffer this pain.It may be a different kind of pain that a woman feels after a pregnancy loss,  but they still are hurting from a loss. I had a neighbor, Randy, who  once who looked forward to becoming a Dad. Regrettably, his wife went into early labor during her 6 month, and their little boy did not make it. I know for at least a year after that he was always depressed about it. On several occasions, he broke down and cried. Many men in this world love being a Dad. Although I often think of what my own Dad told me once, “Any man can father a child, but it takes a special man to be a Dad!”It goes to show men can be affected by PTSD involving pregnancy loss as well.Remember, although every woman going through a pregnancy loss needs a strong support system regardless of who it may be, so will their partners need that support too.

    Note: Names have been changed in this article to protect the privacy of the individuals involved.

    I hope you enjoy reading: The Pregnancy and Baby Loss Guided Journal: Your Space to Process, Grieve, and Heal After Miscarriage, Stillbirth, or Other Reproductive Loss (The New Harbinger Journals for Change Series) .Rachel Rabinor LCSW {Author}

    “As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases.”

    References

    1.Scienceinsights.  When Does a Fetus Hve a Heartbeat?Weeks Explained. https://scienceinsights.org/when-does-a-fetus-have-a-heartbeat-weeks-explained/

    2.MedicalNewsToday. When does a fetus have a heartbeat? https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/when-does-a-fetus-have-a-heartbeat

    3.AmericanSPCC. Stages of Fetal Development. https://americanspcc.org/pregnancy-stages-of-fetal-development/

    4. Thames Valley & Wessex Operational Delivery Networks. Too small, too soon. https://neonatalnetworkssoutheast.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Parent-Information-Booklet-Babies-born-25-weeks-gestation.pdf

    5.Buckner.Understanding and supporting maternal infant loss. https://www.buckner.org/blog/understanding-and-supporting-maternal-infant-loss/

    6. Psychology Today. Men Grieve Miscarriage Too. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/stories-and-selves/202110/men-grieve-miscarriage-too

  • Delusional Disorder

    Delusional Disorder

    Delusional disorder is a mental disorder in which an individual has serious delusions. It is defined as an individual who has developed one or more false beliefs based on a distorted perception of the real world. When an individual is diagnosed with delusional disorder, it usually means they may not have problems at all with hallucinations, mood swings, or problems with their communication skills and the ability to process their thoughts all the time.

     “What is the difference between an individual diagnosed with delusional disorder and someone with schizophrenia?” Both disorders have been examined as part of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Both can be associated with the existence of delusions and distorted beliefs that are difficult to change. Individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia will continue to display signs of hallucinations, disorganized speech patterns, delusions, lack of communication skills, and negative behaviors.

    The minority of the symptoms that are displayed by an individual diagnosed with schizophrenia are not commonly present in delusional disorder. Individuals diagnosed with delusional disorder, a delusional thought must be present for a month. They can display symptoms of mild hallucinations, mood swings, and depression. Usually, with regular, continued treatment and medication over a fleeting period, the individual recovers. There is no extensive turmoil in their day-to-day life.

    Unfortunately, when an individual displays signs of delusional thoughts for more than a month, it may often point to a more serious mental illness such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. An individual diagnosed with schizophrenia continues to display signs of psychosis such as delusions, hallucinations, severe mood swings, disorganized speech, cognitive impairment, and lack of emotions concerning the family, work, or friends. They have a challenging time concentrating on anything.

    “What is the difference between bizarre and non-bizarre delusions?” Bizarre beliefs may include an individual thinking they have superpowers or that they are invisible, and no one can see them. I know an individual who genuinely believed he could make himself invisible. So, at one point he tried to walk through walls. Unfortunately, he found out the hard way that it was not possible. There were other times when he genuinely believed that he was the president of the country or even a doctor.

    Bizarre delusions are not real, but experiencing them, it is very real. It is often exceedingly difficult to treat a delusional individual. There is a strong connection between bizarre delusions and false beliefs. Bizarre delusions are strongly held beliefs that are not likely possible, do not really occur, and are not confined to real life. False beliefs are inaccurate ideas that arise from misguided information or knowledge. Yet they are connected based on how an individual’s perception is considered.

    Non-bizarre delusions can occur in real life. However, one must understand that they may have occurred, but they also may not have occurred. Some individuals may believe they are being followed, or another person is entering their home when they are not there, or someone has stolen their wallet/handbag. I collaborated with another individual who told her family and me that when she was not home, someone was coming into her apartment and moving things around.

    They did not believe her, which further increased her anxiety level. However, after I suggested a camera be installed, it was found to be true. The apartment manager was coming into her apartment. When an investigation was completed, it was found that the apartment manager was abusing his authority by entering multiple apartments belonging to single women. He was taking several items that belonged to these women, such as their underwear, bras, and nightgowns.

     Furthermore, the manager had installed a camera in women’s bathrooms and bedrooms to spy on them. The main point about non- bizarre delusions is deciding if they are true or false. It may not have occurred, but it is important to remember it could very well be true. There was another individual who suspected he was being followed by his ex-wife and her family members everywhere he went. It was so bad that he hired a private investigator to follow him. It was found to not be true.

    Individuals diagnosed with only a delusional disorder, it is particularly important to find the proper treatment and medication to treat the symptoms associated with the disorder. Overmedication can become a major problem, not only for individuals suffering from just delusional thoughts but also for individuals diagnosed with other psychotic disorders. Individuals may benefit from a combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy {CBT}, other types of therapy, and medication.

    Different types of therapy available for individuals diagnosed with a delusional disorder. Choose the correct one that suits the individual being treated. Remember that even if an individual is suffering from the same symptoms and delusions as another individual, it does not necessarily mean the same type of treatment will work for both individuals. I collaborated with other medical professionals in the field who attempted to use the same treatment on several different individuals.

    Fortunately, in a brief period, several of them realized the same treatment plan did not work for everyone. Several medical professionals would not change their opinions and continued to use the same treatment plan on individuals diagnosed with a delusional disorder. Sadly, these individuals did not improve until another medical professional intervened or the individual changed their treatment to another location. Medical professionals should always listen to the individual.

    Cognitive-behavioral therapy {CBT} is organized to be a brief; resourceful plan of therapy that is geared to help an individual understand and recognize harmful thoughts and actions an individual may display when they are delusional. CBT therapy is centered on educating an individual about their disease and the unhealthy symptoms associated with the disease. Basic idea for CBT is to create long-term goals to manage symptoms and hopefully help them find comfort.

    CBT helps an individual to be able to respond to unpleasant areas involving their thought process. It is useful in teaching an individual new behavior that can help them to cope with stressful events in their life. The basic idea for using CBT therapy is to create long-term goals to manage delusional symptoms. Although CBT is a form of psychotherapy, there is a difference between CBT and regular psychotherapy. Mainly because regular psychotherapy is often considered “Talk Therapy.”

    Psychotherapy involves simply talking to a therapist about past events in one’s life, ambitions, ideas, ethics, and perceptions that one may have about themselves and others. An individual during psychotherapy {Talk Therapy} should feel comfortable and at ease with their therapist. It is important for a therapist to be a mentor to help an individual to explore the correct direction to go to achieve a better outcome for the individual’s future. Remember to think about their feelings and behavior.

    The essential difference that separates CBT and psychotherapy is the design within each method. CBT incorporates multiple components that are significant in creating a more permanent outcome for individuals displaying symptoms associated with delusional disorders. Psychotherapy uses simply techniques.Individuals diagnosed with delusional disorder, along with their medical provider, need to work together to decide which treatment plan will provide a better outcome eventually.

    Note: The main thing to remember about delusional disorder is the fact that it is classified as a mental illness in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders {DSM}.

    Living With Someone Who Has Delusional Disorder: A Practical Guide to Coping, Communicating, and Supporting a Partner Living with Paranoia and Fixed False Beliefs. By Halley K. Kyles PhD {Author}.

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    References

    1. Encyclopedia of Psychology. Bizarre Delusions: When Reality Fractures and Fades. https://encyclopedia.arabpsychology.com/bizarre-délusion/

    2. Symptom Media. Delusional Disorder: DSM-5-TR Definition, Symptoms, and Treatments. https://symptommedia.com/delusional-disorder-dsm-5-definition-symptoms-and-treatments/

    3. theravive. Delusional Disorder DSM-5 297.1 [F22} DSM-5 Category: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders. https://www.theravive.com/therapedia/delusional-disorder-dsm–5-297.1-(f22)

    4. NeuroLaunch. False Beliefs in Psychology: Understanding Their Origins and Impact. https://neurolaunch.com/false-beliefs-psychology/

    5.GrandRising. Examining Delusional Disorder and False Beliefs.https://www.grandrisingbehavioralhealth.com/blog/delusional-disorder-when-false-beliefs-persist 6. Symptom Media. Delusional Disorder: DSM-5-TR

  • Part Two: Postpartum Psychosis

    Part Two: Postpartum Psychosis

    Postpartum Psychosis {PPP} is often referred to as puerperal psychosis or peripartum psychosis. The main question here would be, “Can postpartum psychosis be classified as a mental illness?” I strongly believe the answer should be “Yes!” However, postpartum psychosis is still not recognized completely today as an actual mental illness in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders {DSM}. There is no set treatment guideline that has been provided for women who are at substantial risk for this disease in the DSM.

     In a minority of cases, PPP usually occurs within the first two weeks after giving birth. The condition is considered extremely dangerous but rare. Unfortunately, research now suggests that postpartum psychosis has been known to develop before and during pregnancy but also several months after a woman has given birth. Postpartum Psychosis should be considered a psychiatric emergency followed by immediate hospitalization. When not seeking help, it can create immediate danger for the woman involved but also for the infant as well as other children within the household.

    I have been following the case of Lindsay Clancy, who once worked as a labor and delivery nurse. She had collaborated with women giving birth for several years as a nurse. So how did it get to the point where she lost control of herself as a mother and took the lives of her own three children? It is horribly sad that three innocent lives are gone. This should have never happened. But Lindsay Clancy is not the first woman to have postpartum psychosis, nor will she be the last woman to have it.

    Postpartum Psychosis has been around for a long time. Even centuries ago, it was not taken seriously enough in the medical field. Doctors once thought it was just a simple case of “baby blues” women had after giving birth. Years ago, the medical field viewed postpartum psychosis as a short-term condition and often assumed that women would recover on their own with minimal treatment. Some women who went past the stage of “baby blues” would be labeled as having a “nervous breakdown,” and several were institutionalized. The correct diagnosis or treatment was not provided to these women.

    Sadly, many women in the past did not seek treatment. They were often ashamed, and so were their families. However, Lindsay Clancy is not the only woman who has killed her children. There have been other women in the past who have done so. When researching throughout history, there is evidence that severe depression existed in women during and after childbirth for many years. If one decides to do further research, this information can be found as early as 400 BC concerning serious depression in women.

    Research shows that postpartum depression was not recognized until around 1944 within the medical field. When reading about women’s unusual behavior throughout history following childbirth, much was thought about a woman’s state of mind at that time. Unfortunately, the medical field also, during the past centuries, was not that knowledgeable about the depths of depression in women following childbirth. So, what really happened to Lindsay Clancy’s state of mind? To better understand the question, we first need to look more closely at mental illness. This is where government grants or funds are seriously needed.

    Mental health research has not received the attention they deserve to help improve the lives of every individual with mental illness. Throughout the centuries, as resources such as grants and funding were allocated to different medical fields, the mental health field received the least funding. There has not been enough funding dedicated to finding better answers and treatments for people suffering from diverse types of mental illness in the past or present. The government wasted funds on research in unnecessary areas.

    Funds provided for mental health should have been a priority. Studies have shown that women who have been treated for bipolar disorder or have a history of a close family member diagnosed with postpartum psychosis have an even higher risk for developing this illness. Basically, with any diagnosis of mental illness within the family, the risk is still high. Postpartum Psychosis does not go away on its own. Research has shown that different forms of mental illness can be passed down from one generation to the next generation; it can skip a generation. Past studies have shown it can skip multiple generations before showing up.

    The main question that needs to be asked is, “At what point in time, within any individual ‘s life, do they reach their breaking point?” Science has not provided enough information to show why or when this may occur. The human mind still, to this day, remains a mystery in the medical field until hopefully one day it can be solved. It is estimated that millions of people are affected by some form of mental illness in the U. S. Unfortunately, only half will receive any treatment.

    The mind is also like a roadmap, and where it will go when an individual is not in the right state of mind is often uncertain. What happens when an individual has lost the ability to think and act straight? Can they really tell the difference between right and wrong if they are hallucinating and experiencing delusional thoughts? In that state of mind, what kind of control do they have over their normal thought process? Because everything they see, hear, feel, or smell is very real. It is extremely hard to change an individual’s perception when they have developed hallucinating thoughts and experiences delusions.

    Regrettably, they are often subjected to developing serious delusions. They have suspicions about everything and usually everybody. Their fears, thoughts, or beliefs at that time were not true, but again to them, it is very real. Most individuals suffer from serious depression and uncontrollable mood swings. An actual individual suffering from hallucinations and delusions can display many diverse types of behavioral issues that are very frightening and dangerous to those around them.

    Unfortunately, if they are left untreated, they can often become violent. It is wise not to argue with any individual during this period. It will only make them more hostile towards you. If you have never experienced a family member being diagnosed with a serious form of mental illness, when it occurs, it is a shock. And if you have never been around someone close to you affected by mental health issues, it is a revelation. Providing care for a loved one with a mental illness can at times be overwhelming and difficult to deal with. It takes a lot of strength and courage to continue to provide or seek help for your loved one.

    The most important thing to understand from the beginning is that mental illness does not go away! It is never cured, but the symptoms can become better. Patience, understanding, and love is particularly important. A stable home environment is critical for your loved one to live as normal a life as possible. Unfortunately, many families do not understand, nor have they been informed enough to cope. This is where more education and awareness are seriously needed.

    Learning how to cope with distinct types of mental illness is especially important to teach not only the individuals diagnosed with a mental illness but their families as well. I am a firm believer that every medical facility should develop training seminars for individuals and their family members before anyone is discharged. Most facilities have short programs just for the individuals. It should be mandatory that families attend mental health educational seminars within a period before their loved one is discharged from a facility or if a proper diagnosis has been given from an outside medical source.

    I certainly hope for the future, more research will be provided to encourage a solid foundation for individuals and their family members with a mental illness. It does not matter what type of mental illness a loved one may have. They need professional help as soon as possible. In Lindsay Clancy’s case, she was not properly medicated and was also misdiagnosed. It saddens me to think that three innocent children had to die because of neglect due to errors within the medical field.

    Do I think Lindsay Clancy should receive the death penalty? “No!”  Do I think she should be set free? “No!”  Do I think that she should be committed to a regular prison? “No!”  Do I think she should be institutionalized for the remainder of her life? “Yes!” The lives of her children cannot be recovered. The heartache will always be there for the families on both sides. There is no amount of justice in cases like this that can dull the pain of losing innocent children to such horrible deaths. In several known cases, the mothers attempted suicide or committed suicide. Lindsay Clancy is a prime example.

    When I was working in the medical field throughout the years with individuals diagnosed with a form of mental illness, I questioned the protocol for treatments. Often, individuals were misdiagnosed. However, it is difficult to make an accurate diagnosis for an individual when they have not been closely monitored. This is where family input is especially important. A family member or an appointed care provider needs to be involved in the care of a loved one who has been diagnosed with a mental illness.

    One of the most important decisions to make is encouraging and monitoring medication daily. Providing a stable and caring environment is extremely critical as well. Providing and encouraging well-balanced, nutritious meals, attending doctor appointments regularly, and encouraging healthy hygiene habits. Most important is finding an excellent psychiatrist. One that listens to the patients and family members, especially when problems arise. Of course, finding the right medications to help with the symptoms. Making sure that the individual is not overmedicated or unmedicated. Because both can create a huge problem.

    In Lindsay Clancy’s case, there were signs that something was terribly wrong for a lengthy period. However, was her condition overlooked within the medical field? Did anyone request a temporary detention order {TDO} or an emergency custody order be put in place? If so, how long did she stay within a medical facility for treatment? The biggest question, if she was admitted for care, “How closely was she monitored within a medical facility or even within her home environment by her husband?”

    One thing that I have learned by having a close family member with a serious mental illness is the fact that you cannot allow psychiatrists or nurse practitioners to play around with the individual’s psychiatric medications by switching them continually. The constant changing of an individual’s medications, I believe, creates an unhealthy chemical balance in the brain. The other major concern here would be: if an individual’s psychiatric medications are controlling their mental health problems and the individual is   stable and has been for a lengthy period, one would have to ask, “Why would anyone change them?”

     Why is it that several psychiatrists or nurse practitioners consider doing this to an individual? Especially if there are no problems with their behavior unless there is an active health-related problem due to their psychiatric medications. I have seen this happen several times. Sadly, the individual will incur active psychological problems within a brief period. Most individuals will become unstable when this happens. Once this is done, in a minority of the time it is the individual that suffers.

    Do not allow a professional working in the mental health field to change the medications unless there is a risk associated with taking a certain psychiatric medication healthwise and it has been proven. Can you take too many psychiatric medications? The answer is Yes! Too many is just as bad as not taking enough to regulate symptoms associated with mental illness. Can an individual be misdiagnosed? “Yes!” Can an individual be given the prescribed the wrong type of medication that, instead of helping their symptoms, may increase their symptoms more? “Yes!” The outcome for any of this is not good.

    My concluding thoughts:

    And I do not think I can stress this enough, but postpartum psychosis is very real and extremely dangerous. As a husband or boyfriend, even a family member or just a friend, if you have a loved one going through a pregnancy and you believe they are suffering from depression … please encourage them to seek help. Monitor them closely. If you must… write down their behavioral problems. Get involved in their healthcare. If they do not agree with you about treatment and if all else fails and symptoms progress, please seek help immediately and do a TDO or ECO if necessary. Save a life … it may save several lives.Especially the life of an  innocent child or children.

    There are a few books to read about postpartum psychosis that is very interesting. “A Mother’s Climb Out Of Darkness; A Story about Overcoming Postpartum Psychosis. Jennifer H. Mayer {Author}.

    POSTPARTUM HEALING BIBLE: The Complete Guide to Emotional Recovery, Self-Love, and Joy After Birth — Calm Anxiety, Release Guilt, and Reconnect with Your Mind and Body as a New Mom.Gwenda Rogers {Author}.

    Surviving Postpartum Psychosis : A Journey Through Depression, Fear, And Recovery.Daffodil Love. [Author}.

    “As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases.”

    References

    1. Cleveland Clinic. Postpartum Psychosis. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24152-postpartum-psychosis
    2. WebMD. Postpartum Psychosis: How to Deal With It. https://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby/postpartum-psychosis-overview
    3. Cleveland Clinic. Does Mental Illness Run in Families? https://health.clevelandclinic.org/does-mental-illness-run-in-families
    4. Policy for Maternal Mental Health. Recognizing Warning Signs Through the “Postpartum Psychosis Symptom Checklist.” https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics
    5. MMHLA Maternal Mental Health Leadership Alliance. Maternal Mental Health Conditions and Statistics: An Overview. https://www.mmhla.org/articles/maternal-mental-health-conditions-and-statistics
    6. NAMI. Family &Friends. https://www.nami.org/programs/nami-family-to-family/
    7. Psychscenehub.Postpartum (Puerpérale) Psychosis: Pathophysiology, Diagnoses, Management. https://psychscenehub.com/psychinsights/postpartum-psychosis-review/
  • Antisocial Personality Disorder {ASPD}

    Antisocial Personality Disorder {ASPD}

    Can it be said that antisocial personality disorder is a mental illness? Yes or no! According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders {DSM-V} the answer is “Yes!” It is usually diagnosed in individuals fifteen and older. Many family members ask the same questions about their loved ones. Are all individuals diagnosed with the same behaviors/symptoms? “No!” Can antisocial personality disorders be cured? “No!”  It is considered in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders {DSM-V} a lifetime condition. Yes! Can it be treated? Yes! What symptoms does someone with antisocial personality disorder have?

    Check out the list below:

    Poor work habits. Often do not show up for work regularly or not at all.

    Most individuals do not hold a work position long before quitting on their own or getting fired for a “no-show” on the job.

    Irresponsible with anything related to work, family, finances, or other responsibilities altogether.

    Tends to be dishonest or lie a lot to take advantage of and manipulate others for several reasons.

    It can be aggressive and threatening towards others for no reason.

    Can become violent at times towards others.

    Often display criminal behavior such as shoplifting or stealing from their family members and friends, plus other criminal behaviors.

    Does not take responsibility for their unhealthy habits.

    Does not show respect for the safety of others.

    Displays no regard for right or wrong.

    Display no remorse for their behavior about anything.

    Often engages in dangerous activities.

    Research and studies have listed several reasons for antisocial personality disorder in adults. The risk factors involved include the following listed below:

    Genetics/ Hereditary genes that are inherited characteristics from within the family.

    Chemical imbalance is due to brain development before birth or during childhood.

    Trauma due to many factors such as accidents during childhood.

    Environmental issues like an unstable childhood life. Childhood abuse or neglect or sexual abuse.

    Witnessing violence within the family or elsewhere.

    Many adult individuals with antisocial personality disorders are unable to maintain a long-term relationship. Unfortunately, most individuals diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder will not seek treatment or refuse treatment altogether. Individuals are usually treated with atypical antipsychotics that are second-generation psych medications, which several individuals have fewer side effects than the older generation of psych medications. Mood stabilizers are used to treat and level out mood swings and help to reduce manic and depressive episodes. Antidepressants are used for treating depression symptoms. Often, individuals are referred to a psychiatrist for behavioral therapy. Several individuals are encouraged to join a support group.

    A minority of adults with antisocial personality disorders continue to be destructive in every area of their life, with criminal behavior becoming more of a problem. Many end up in prison, mental institutions, or dead due to their destructive behavior. There are times when some older individuals display a decrease in their antisocial personality disorder behavior as they age. It is hard to say what age this will happen at, and it may vary from person to person. Research has long ago decided that the human personality develops during childhood. Many factors can shape an individual’s personality from childhood to adulthood. I have often heard that children are a product of the environment in which they are raised.

    However, it is believed that genetics play a significant role in the development of an individual’s personality even before birth. Nutritional deficiency before birth and during childhood can play a significant role in the development of a child’s brain. Events throughout childhood can often be difficult and overwhelming. Antisocial personality disorder is usually not diagnosed in children until they reach adulthood, usually at eighteen years old. What can be the causes that shape some individuals’ mindsets in which they end up developing antisocial personality disorder? Research is still not 100 percent sure. Mental health professionals prefer to diagnose a child under eighteen years of age with conduct disorder rather than with an antisocial personality disorder. But conduct disorders are often considered disruptive behavior disorders.

    Several years ago, when I worked with children who displayed serious conduct disorders, they came from a home environment that was not stable. Many children were sexually abused by close family members or someone the family knew and trusted. Several children had witnessed the death of a parent either by the parent’s own hand or by someone else. There was one little boy whose story always stayed with me. This child was treated horribly by his mother and father. He was placed in a medium-sized metal dog pen from age two years old until the age of six. He had no idea how to act like a normal child. He even barked like a dog and was extremely aggressive towards his food. Fortunately, his behavior changed with counseling and the fact that he was placed with a loving family that later adopted him. He was able to overcome his behavioral issues as he grew older.

    Unfortunately, not all the children that I saw during my years in the medical field were able to overcome their serious conduct behaviors. Several children were later diagnosed with an antisocial personality disorder as young adults. I later learned that a few had died due to their dangerous behaviors, and several were incarcerated for lengthy prison terms for serious crimes. When I think back, I often feel that these individuals, if provided a normal, healthy childhood life, would have turned out differently. Studies have shown that individuals who survived childhood trauma often struggled with emotional, psychological, and physical symptoms associated with the damage they encountered during their childhood.

    Reading Materials and other items:

    Antisocial Personality Disorder: Clinical Insights, Therapy Options, and Tools for Healthier Relationships. {Author -Frida Jackobul.) 

    Antisocial Personality Disorder: Beyond the Label: Exploring Genetics, Neuroscience, Childhood, Behavior, and the Possibility of Change. {Author-Brielle Mick.}

    Aspd Awareness Mug – Antisocial Personality Disorder Coffee Cup – Advocate Funny Gift From Friends – Tea Mugs – Support Group Cups – 11 Oz Ceramic Gifts For Family Members, Birthday, Him, Her

    “As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases.”

    References

    1.MSD Manual. Professional Version. Antisocial Personality Disorder.https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/personality-disorders/antisocial-personality-disorder-aspd

    2.Cleveland Clinic. Antisocial Personality Disorder. ASPD. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9657-antisocial-personality-disorder

    3. WebMD. What are the Different Types of Antidepressants and How Do They Work? https://www.webmd.com/depression/depression-medications-antidepressants

    4.CPGN. Child Abuse Statistics 2026 Update: Latest Available U.S Data. https://cpgn.org/facts-and-statistics/

    5.CPGN. Child Abuse Statistics 2026 Update: Latest Available U.S Data. https://cpgn.org/facts-and-statistics/

  • Part One: What is Postpartum Depression?

    Part One: What is Postpartum Depression?

    Centuries ago, no one had heard of postpartum depression. Postpartum depression did not just start in this century. PPD has been around for a very long time. Many years ago, doctors did not have a name for it other than “baby blues.” It was thought that a new mother suffered from anxiety, mood swings, depression, exhaustion, and stress briefly after childbirth only. It was often considered a challenging time for a woman trying to cope with becoming a new mother due to the hormonal changes shifting back to the pre-pregnancy stage. In the past, doctors believed a lot of women went through this stage usually within a brief time frame after childbirth and eventually resolves itself shortly afterwards.

    Throughout centuries, it was thought that a woman who had suffered from “baby blues” during their first pregnancy should not have any problems with any of their other pregnancies. It was simply a part of being a mother for the very first time and was thought that all women went through this stage. Although the “baby blues” stage is part of postpartum depression, PPD is different because it does not resolve by itself. Treatment is necessary; if left untreated, symptoms can become critical. Postpartum depression can develop regardless of each pregnancy. This is whether a woman has one pregnancy or multiple pregnancies.

    Years ago, it was believed to occur only within the first year after childbirth. However, studies are now leaning towards the fact that PPD can occur sooner, such as during a pregnancy. This can increase the risk of women suffering severe depression throughout their entire pregnancy and after childbirth. Unfortunately, further studies have shown that postpartum depression can also develop in women who experience a pregnancy loss, the birth of a stillborn, trauma during pregnancy; even women who go through adoption or even women who have a tough time getting pregnant can experience PPD. I personally do not believe the medical field has a solid idea of what causes PPD.

    More research needs to be done to understand the “why” that some women experience PPD and incur more serious symptoms than just a short phase of “baby blues” that can later develop into postpartum psychosis, which is a dangerous state of mind. According to the 2026 Mental Health Stats website, “Postpartum depression {PPD} is a widespread issue, with about 1 in 8 new mothers in the U.S. reporting symptoms, affecting over 460,00 women annually.” There are times when this rate can be even higher. What is the reason as to “why” some women go through this while others do not have any problems? It is still a mystery in the medical field.

    It is difficult for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention {CDC} to furnish a complete number as to how many women are diagnosed with PPD every year. According to the Postpartum Depression.org website, “Younger mothers and those with a pre-existing history of depression are at a higher risk.” Could it be that these women may have problems with a form of serious mental illness before pregnancy? Regrettably, postpartum depression left unnoticed and untreated can lead to postpartum psychosis. In the United States today, postpartum psychosis is now considered the leading cause of pregnancy-related deaths, or infant deaths, and sadly, it is often overlooked.

    Suicide is higher among women who suffer from postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis when medical care is not provided. Postpartum psychosis is classified as a serious mood disorder. Studies suggest that mood symptoms can also involve psychotic symptoms. A minority of women experience intense sadness, overwhelming feelings, emptiness, loss of hope, lack of energy, reduced eating habits, anxiety, profound changes in their sleeping habits, periods of crying and frustration, regular irritability, decreased interest in their environment, and at some point, may start to experience hallucinations and delusions. Postpartum psychosis is a medical emergency!

    There is a significant difference when hallucinations and delusions are involved. Hallucinations are when an individual believes they can see, hear, and even smell things that do not exist. Delusions are false beliefs based on an individual’s distorted perception of an idea. According to The Washington Post, “There is still poor awareness of postpartum psychosis, mainly because it is not included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the reference book of diagnoses for mental health clinicians” yet as a serious mental illness. The main question here is whether there is a significant difference between postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis.

    The answer is “YES!” There is a significant difference between these conditions. They require distinct reactions to adjust to the needs of both conditions based on the symptoms displayed. However, both conditions can demolish a mother or any woman who suffers from postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis the ability to function. Family members should be made aware of the differences between postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis. Especially if there are early symptoms of depression during a pregnancy and specifically if there is a history of mental illness in a female before the start of pregnancy or for other reasons.

    It is important to seek medical care for both conditions. Especially with postpartum psychosis, although it is rare, with an active case, it is considered a critical emergency, and treatment is needed immediately. Presently, there are more reports of postpartum psychosis than ever before. Personally, there is not enough attention given to postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis even now. However, advocacy groups have helped to raise more awareness of postpartum psychosis. In the United States, May 1 is now recognized as Postpartum Psychosis Awareness Day. If you, a loved one, or someone you know suffering from PPD, seek help, or encourage getting help, or call for help.So my main question …”Should postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis  be fully considered a mental illness in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) book?“

    For Help Call the following Numbers Listed Below:

    National Maternal Mental Health Hotline: 1-888-TLC-MAMA

    Postpartum Support International Helpline: 1-800-944-4773

    Call 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline

    Call 911 for an Immediate emergency!

    I hope you enjoy and find comfort reading the books listed below:

    “Navigating Postpartum Depression & Anxiety: Evidence-Based & Practical Strategies to Help New Moms Recognize Symptoms, Balance Emotions, & Increase Positive Thinking” by Michelle Kolinsky (Author). 

    Realities of Postpartum Depression: The Battle and the Victory by Melanie R. Barker {Author}.

    POSTPARTUM HEALING BIBLE: The Complete Guide to Emotional Recovery, Self-Love, and Joy After Birth — Calm Anxiety, Release Guilt, and Reconnect with Your Mind and Body as a New Mom by Gwenda Rogers [Author].

    “As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases.”

    References

    1.Mental Health Stats. Postpartum Depression Statistics. https://mhstats.org/conditions/postpartum-depression

    2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Symptoms of Depression Among Women. https://www.cdc.gov/reproductive -health/depression/index.html

    3.Postpartum Depression.org. What is Postpartum Depression? https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/

    4. The Washington Post. 3 things people get wrong about postpartum psychosis. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wellness/2026/08/15/3-misconceptions-about-postpartum-psychosis

    5. HRSA Maternal & Child Health. You’re not alone. https://mchb.hrsa.gov/programs-impact/national-maternal-mental-health-hotline

  • Schizophreniform Disorder

    Schizophreniform Disorder

    Recently, I have heard more about schizophreniform disorder, and some people question whether it is truly a mental illness. Many people have never heard of it because this diagnosis is not discussed very often. The answer is yes: schizophreniform disorder is a mental illness. So, what is schizophreniform disorder? This is where it can become confusing; symptoms may develop quickly and last for a limited period, usually about one month. However, there may not be enough ongoing signs or distress to diagnose the individual with schizophrenia clearly.

    According to the Theravive website, “Schizophreniform disorder is part of the schizophrenia spectrum in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. It is a psychotic condition with symptoms like schizophrenia, but it develops quickly and lasts for a shorter period.” This condition can be difficult for medical professionals to diagnose accurately. It is a psychotic mental illness with symptoms much like schizophrenia, but the symptoms occur over a shorter period, usually less than six months. Often, individuals are misdiagnosed several times.

    During the psychotic period, individuals with schizophreniform disorder may struggle to distinguish reality from fiction. Unfortunately, what they see and hear feels real to them. Signs of schizophrenia may take months to develop and usually last longer than 6 months. However, one must be clear when deciding what the correct diagnosis will be when monitoring an individual. So here is where schizophreniform comes into play. Both mental illnesses display problems with delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, behavioral changes, and social issues.

    However, individuals with schizophrenia have a limited level of functioning, whereas an individual diagnosed with schizophreniform may not display a problem with their level of functioning within a home environment or in society. Unfortunately, it is possible that an individual diagnosed with schizophreniform disorder could also develop a problem with their level of functioning as well. Doctors will inform an individual or their family that if the “psychotic” stage lasts longer than 6 months, the proper diagnosis would be schizophrenia, not schizophreniform.

    “What are the symptoms?” They include the following that were stated in paragraph three above and more, including:hallucinations, disorganized speech, delusions, lack of proper hygiene habits, very little energy, withdrawn from family & friends and social events, not having the ability to stay focused on anything, pacing the floor or walking continuously, and being unable to sit for any amount of time in one place. “What is the main cause of any mental illness?” It could be several things that can eventually cause any individual to suffer from a mental illness.

    Listed below are several factors to take into consideration when treating an individual suspected of having mental health issues.

    Hereditary factors- “Those genes”- Most individuals are aware that heart disease, high blood pressure, cancer, and diabetes can be hereditary. Many other diseases are hereditary and can be passed down through generations. Such as diverse types of mental illness, like schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, bipolar I& II, depression, anxiety, or panic attacks, and the list can go on. Few individuals are aware that Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease can be hereditary.They can also alter the chemical balance in the brain.

    Trauma– There are individuals who have suffered from a traumatic body injury or due to any traumatic event that can develop a form of mental illness. Researchers long ago thought that the only reason for mental illness was due entirely to a chemical imbalance related only to the “neurotransmitters” within the human brain. But this is not solely responsible for an individual developing a mental illness. I believe brain trauma and chemical imbalance go hand -in -hand together, and can lead in some cases, to forms of mental illness.

    An 18-year-old young man I knew a while back was in a horrible wreck. He had severe, primary traumatic injuries, mostly to his head. I spoke to his parents two years after his release from the hospital. So, one would have to ask, “Did the mental illness that Rusty was diagnosed later on come solely from a traumatic injury to his brain, or from a chemical imbalance in his brain already present?”  According to the ScienceDirect website, “Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers a chain reaction of intricate metabolic abnormalities, sometimes leading to ongoing cognitive deficits.”

    Rusty’s parents were upset because his behavior was different. Doctors informed his parents he would never be the same due to the seriousness of his brain injuries. Rusty’s brain injuries had altered his entire personality. Rusty had bouts of severe depression, delusions, and hallucinations. He had horrible mood swings, believed people were out to get him, and his behavior was odd at other times. Rusty’s parents were informed this was brought on due to an unfortunate brain injury that caused a chemical imbalance in his brain as well.

    Illegal Street Drugs-Individuals who use illegal street drugs often do not understand the consequences associated with their unhealthy drug habits. An individual’s long-term damage to their whole body can change the outcome of how their brain responds to many different circumstances involving their life and can be dangerous. This can seriously impact an individual’s cognitive functions. Street drugs create abnormal functions within the individual’s brain. It affects an individual’s attention span and memory and can change their whole personality.

    It can also cause long-term mental health issues. It is a known fact that many individuals who are serious addicts frequently suffer from severe depression, and at one point this can raise the danger of suicide. Eric, a 20-year-old, attended a party and received a mixed drink. That drink was laced with an illegal street drug. Eric’s body could not manage it. He was in a coma for 3 months. Eric is now in a group home with trained individuals monitoring him. He had horrible mood swings, violent behavior, periods of severe depression, delusions, and hallucinations.

    Due to Eric’s behavior, he was now considered to have a mental illness brought on by that traumatic experience with illegal drugs. Both young men suffered severe brain injuries. They went from being emotionally stable individuals to becoming unstable due to different traumatic events occurring in their lives. There are times in which damage to an individual’s brain can alter their entire personality and outlook on life. It only shows that regardless of the type of trauma that occurs to an individual, some individuals can recover fully, while others do not.

    Environments – Regardless of how young or old one may be an environment can have an enormous impact on an individual’s behavior. Whether it is a bad childhood environment or if it occurs after they become an adult. Stressful events, domestic violence, unhealthy relationships, childhood abuse, rape, witnessing a murder. I am a firm believer in the phrase, “Sometimes an individual is a product of the environment in which they were raised!” Regardless of the environment, if they can receive the right kind of help in life, it can turn their life around.

    However, I look at the events surrounding the environment and how it occurred and affected that individual. I often find myself asking, “What kind of impact did it have on that individual’s state of mind?” Working within the medical field, I have found that a minority of doctors will request blood tests or other tests such as MRI’S or CT scans to rule out any types of non-psychiatric medical problems before they start to look at the possibility that an individual may have some form of mental illness. Again, it is extremely critical to get the right diagnosis.

    NOTE: If you, a loved one, a friend, or someone you know is having problems…. “The most important thing to remember is to take the first step and seek professional help as soon as possible. Learning to pay attention to warning signs and learning what might trigger symptoms is a part of helping to improve your life and theirs.”

    Try reading the following books. “When You Love Someone in Recovery: A Hopeful Guide to Understanding Addiction” by author Caroline Beidler.

    “A Brief Introduction to Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: The Disorganized Mind “ by author M. Pilar.G.Molina.

    “As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases.”

    References

    1. Psychology Today.Schizophreniform Disorder. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/conditions/schizophreniform-disorder

    2.Psychiatry Magazine. Schizophreniform Disorder:Symptoms and Treatments. https://psychiatrymagazine.com/schizophreniform-disorder/

    3.theravive. DSM-5 Category: Schizophrenia Spectrum and other Psychotic Disorders.https://www.theravive.com/therapedia /schizophreniform-disorder-dsm–5-295.40-(f20.81)

    4.ScienceDirect.Metabolic and endocrine dysfunctions in traumatic brain injury: Implications for cognitive recovery and therapeutic strategies. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166432825002840

    5.verywellmind. The Chemistry of Depression. https://www.verywellmind.com/the-chemistry-of-depression-1065137

    6.American Addiction Centers. Substance-Induced Psychosis.Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment. https://americanaddictioncenters.org/health-complications-addiction/drug-induced-psychosis

    7. National Institute of Mental Health. Coping With Traumatic Events.https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/coping-with-traumatic-events

  • My Friend, Sandy!

    My Friend, Sandy!

    Many years ago, I had a friend named Sandy. To protect what is left of her family, I will not give out her last name. I met Sandy when I was just in my early twenties. We hit it off right away at an arts & crafts show. It seemed that Sandy loved to paint arts & crafts and pictures just like me. Sandy could draw anything she looked at and was good at it. We would get together and go out to different places, such as eating out, bowling, skating, going to the movies, fishing, and to the lake. Maybe just out shopping. It was window shopping because neither of us had much money.

    I was divorced and had a small child. Sandy had never been married, nor did she have any children. Sandy was good at spoiling my son with ice cream, treats, or toys. She loved children and often would babysit for several other people. Sandy was a very caring and loving person.  She had a heart of gold, and she would help anyone. If you had very little to eat, she would go out and buy groceries for you. If Sandy did not have to work and your child was sick, she would come to your home, babysit for you, and not charge you a dime.  So you could go to work.

    If you needed anything, she would give it to you or get it for you, no questions asked.  She was always there lending a hand and helping others. We had been friends for about two years when we were invited to a church function, not far from where her aunt lived. As a matter of fact, Sandy’s aunt was the one who invited us. We ended up going and having a really nice time. Sandy met a man there who was two years older than her. She later found out he was the preacher’s son. And so, it began! Sandy started going to church there every Sunday.

     There were times when I would go with her. It was not long after that Sandy started dating the preacher’s son. He was a very nice-looking man, and his name was Bret. They looked and acted like a perfect couple.  At that time, I was very happy for Sandy because I knew she wanted to get married and have at least two children. After six months had passed, Bret decided to ask Sandy to marry him, and she said yes!  I, on the other hand, was now not too sure about this upcoming marriage. I had very good reasons for being troubled by his marriage proposal.

    One of the main reasons was the fact that during the time they started dating and I had been around them, I started to notice something about Bret that made me uncomfortable. Bret displayed a controlling behavior towards Sandy. This was especially true when other men from the church or any social gathering would talk to her, even when they had just spoken to her. I saw his temper get the best of him on several occasions. Bret and Sandy were finally married six months after they started dating. I tried my very best to talk to Sandy about Bret’s behavior.

     I begged her to wait a little bit longer, so she could get to know Bret better. Something did not feel right, and my gut instincts told me this! I remember speaking to her one night shortly after they had announced their engagement. We were outside in her backyard cooking on the grill. I did not know that Bret had arrived at the house. That he was standing around the corner of the house and listening. Sandy went inside the house to get more ice. Bret came walking around the corner. He had a nasty expression on his face, and I could tell he was mad.

    He looked me dead in the eyes and said, “If you know what’s good, you better learn to mind your own damn business!” I knew at that time, this marriage was going to be wrong for Sandy.  Again, I tried several times to talk to her about the little things I noticed concerning Bret’s behavior towards and around her. She would always make excuses for him.  I tried to call and talk to Sandy several times after the marriage. Bret was the one who usually answered the phone, or if Sandy did answer, I could tell by the way she talked that he was somewhere nearby.

    It was about 3 months after their marriage that I saw Sandy again in person and at church. Sandy barely spoke to me. I noticed that in the dead of the summer, Sandy had on a long-sleeved dress and sweater,  plus she had a scarf tied around her neck. She looked very pretty, but for some reason, I could not get that picture out of my mind. Mainly because I knew Sandy well and she did not like to wear a lot of clothes during the summer months.   I got a phone call at 2:00 AM one morning shortly after that weekend. It was Sandy, and she was in the emergency room.

    I got dressed and went to the emergency room. I can honestly say that what I saw when I got there broke my heart.  I cried for her and with her. She was covered in bruises from her head to her ankles. A busted and bleeding lip, two teeth knocked loose, a broken wrist, and bruised ribs. After being discharged, Sandy came back to my place. It was during the time she was asleep that I heard her crying out in her sleep, begging Bret not to hurt her. I was so angry that I wanted him locked up for life. Unfortunately, that did not happen.

     Two days later, he showed up at my place begging Sandy for forgiveness and asking her to come back home with him. Bret claimed that it was alcohol that made him hurt her. He promised not to drink anymore. He said he loved her more than his own life. Bret stood outside for twenty minutes begging while I tried so hard to tell Sandy it was just a “front”.  During the next two years, I made at least one trip, it seems like every four to six weeks to the local hospital emergency department to pick Sandy up and bring her back to my place or to visit her as a patient in the hospital.

    Once I even got her to press charges against Bret. And it blew my mind when Bret’s parents came to the hospital to see her. It was not out of concern for Sandy. Bret’s father, “the so-called preacher,” told Sandy it was her place to stand by her husband as he went through a difficult time in his life. So again, Sandy dropped the charges and went back to Bret. Two months later, Sandy called to tell me she was pregnant. She was so excited and happy that finally she was going to be a “Mommy!” I was happy for her but afraid just as well. I know Sandy was hoping Bret would change.

    I remember Sandy telling me that Bret again promised to stop drinking. What Sandy nor I knew was that Bret was not only drinking heavily but also using hard-core illegal drugs. It was one of the reasons he had horrible mood swings and took his anger out on Sandy. Once I heard a doctor in the emergency room tell Sandy that she was Bret’s punching bag. And if she did not leave permanently, he was going to one day seriously hurt her. It always made me so upset that every time Sandy left Bret, of course his parents were always there telling her it was her responsibility to stand by him.

    When Sandy was a little over seven months pregnant, Bret came home one night in a bad mood. He pushed Sandy, and she fell fourteen steps down a stairway. Bret just walked out the door, but not before he told her to get up off the floor and go to bed. Somewhere after midnight, I got a call from Sandy. She is crying so hard I could barely understand her. I finally got her to calm down, only to tell me that Bret had pushed her and she fell down the stairs in her hallway from the very top. Sandy asked me to come pick her up and take her to the hospital because she thought that she was in early labor.

     I will never forget that night or the next day. Sandy was in active labor and bleeding a lot. On Tuesday morning at 2: 15 am, Sandy’s son came into the world. A beautiful little boy with dark black hair, fair skin, and who looked so perfect but was not breathing. He never took his first breath. Sandy held her son for a very long time. The doctor, nurses, and even I had to continue to talk to her to release his body to the funeral home. The police came the next day. But so did Bret’s parents. Bret’s father somehow convinced Sandy that it was “God’s will that the child was not to live!”

    He did not even refer to the baby as his grandson. And he talked Sandy out of pressing charges against Bret. After Sandy was discharged from the hospital, several days later her son was finally buried. Sandy stayed with me for three weeks. Unfortunately, Bret was trying every day to make her come home. I was at work when I found out she had indeed gone back home to him. Bret’s father {the preacher} came by my job and told me that I needed to stay out of their marriage. He said that a few of Sandy’s other friends and I needed to leave her and Bret alone so their marriage could work.

     I told Bret’s father that the marriage was never going to work because his son had serious drinking, gambling, and drug problems. That his son had no respect for Sandy.  That he was a lousy person and preacher himself, for telling her to go back to this son. That his son needed serious help and he should be locked up in jail for murder. Two weeks after Sandy went back home with Bret, he came home one night and started yelling, crying, hitting, and kicking her. He used his fists to beat her in the face. A female neighbor heard the noise and called the police.

    However, by the time the police got to the house, Sandy had already found Bret’s handgun. She shot and killed him! Eventually, there was a trial. Sadly, at that time the world did not consider the permanent damage that domestic violence does to a woman. The world did not look at post-traumatic stress disorder as they do now. They did not consider the damage that was done to Sandy’s state of mind by the way Bret beat on her and treated her or the death of her son. The doctor stated that had it not been for Bret pushing Sandy, her son would have lived.

    Sandy told me that when she went back home with Bret, within days he had started in on her again with the beating, finally, in her mind, I guess, she had enough.  I asked her while she was in jail, “What was different this time around that made you fight back!” I remember Sandy looking at me and saying,” Dee, I remembered holding my baby boy and knowing he would never take his first breath, never take his first steps in life, never smile, never have a birthday party, and never call me “Mommy” all because his father destroyed his life.”

    And she then told me, “Dee, I knew when I left the hospital it would be only a matter of time before I was going to take Bret’s life!” I asked her, “Why did you not just walk away from him permanently! “Sandy stated that she no longer cared because she had nothing to live for. Then she further informed me the doctor had told her due to internal injuries and the severity of her hemorrhaging, she would never be able to have any more children.  Sandy also told me before her trial began, “Dee, what have I got to live for now! Every time I close my eyes, I see my tiny son’s lifeless body!”

    Sandy went to prison for 18 years, just two weeks shy of her 30th birthday. Years later, after serving her time, several friends knew she would visit her son’s grave as soon as she got out.  And I knew she would go to the cemetery to visit his grave. But I did not know the depths of her depression. I did not know that while in prison she was not really treated for severe depression. The caretaker for the cemetery found her Tuesday morning at sunrise. At first, he thought she was kneeling and praying until he walked around in front of her and saw dried blood. Sandy took her own life at her son’s graveside.

    Sandy was only 48 years old.  The Sandy that I knew never recovered from her son’s death.  The carefree, loving, and giving person that Sandy was  stopped existing. One time I visited her in prison, she told me that she died inside completely the day her son was born dead. I remember asking the prison chaplain to please talk to Sandy. I know that during her prison time several of her friends and myself as well, wrote letters and visited her. I noticed every time I looked into her eyes; she had no emotions there. It was like she was miles away in another world.

    Where there is domestic violence, you can bet there is mental illness. It is hard for anyone who has suffered from domestic violence to not have scars for the rest of their lives. Unfortunately, not all scars are shown. What one feels inside does not show. Most individuals think that post-traumatic stress disorder {PTSD} only affects military members who have been to war. Post -traumatic stress disorder {PTSD} can affect anyone, at any age, who has been through a traumatic experience. Years ago, the medical field and society did not know that much about PTSD.

    NOTE: If things in your life are difficult. If you are having problems coping with everyday life. If you feel the world is closing in on you. If someone is treating  you bad…. Please seek help as soon as possible before you hurt yourself or someone else!

    Call the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline!

  • Differences: Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder?

    Differences: Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder?

    I have found that there are a lot of individuals, even in different areas of the medical field as well as family members, friends, and even individuals themselves, who are not fully educated about schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia. When comparing the two disorders, one might assume they are the same. Therefore, it is especially important to understand the differences between schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. The most important area to look at is the symptoms of each disorder. One would need to ask, “Are they truly different?” They are different in how an individual with schizophrenia relates to something vs how an individual with schizoaffective disorder relates to something.

    It is extremely important to understand the difference before making a medical diagnosis. So, let us discuss the difference between these two disorders. The first one is schizophrenia. Individuals with this disorder have a challenging time understanding the difference between what is real {reality} and what is not real {fiction}. Individuals with schizophrenia hear voices and see images of people, things, places, or events that happen but really do not occur. Studies have shown that individuals with schizophrenia have psychotic symptoms best described as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thoughts. Unfortunately, to them, it is very real. Furthermore, it is difficult to convince them otherwise. Do not argue with them; it makes their behavior worse.

    Directly, you will not change their mind about what they believe is real. The more you argue with them, the more they will believe what they see and hear is real. Here is the difference: studies have found that with schizophrenia, individuals must have repeated symptoms that have lingered for at least six months to make a proper diagnosis. Their symptoms are classified as continued and chronic. The second one is schizoaffective disorder, and they are often detached from reality at challenging times as well. Individuals diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder have psychotic symptoms also, such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thoughts, but they also have mood turmoil. The severity of the mood swings plays a big part in the behavior that is displayed.

    The main area to check on with schizoaffective disorder is the mood swings to make a correct diagnosis. Their severe mood swings and psychotic symptoms run in cycles. You must keep checking to see if mood swings are present with psychotic symptoms to be able to say the individual has schizoaffective disorder instead of just schizophrenia. Most individuals diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder have two distinct types of disorders such as bipolar and depressive disorders, along with their psychotic symptoms. So, the difference with schizoaffective disorder: an individual’s mood swings need to be current for a considerable amount of their illness to make a proper diagnosis. Again, here we see where reality and fiction play a significant role in their illness,but it has to be along with severe mood swings as well.

     Individuals with schizoaffective disorder often have different mood swings when they are not taking medications correctly or not at all. And to them, it is also very real, and difficult to talk to them about it. The same scenario plays out; you cannot convince them otherwise. Again, the main challenge will be trying to keep them calm… Both disorders may share several symptoms that are indeed alike, but despite that, they are entirely unlike as well. One should understand that, because they are not completely alike, it is particularly important to obtain the right diagnosis to receive the correct treatment. Yet some individuals have schizophrenia in which they may be affected by manic or depressive mood swings. I know it can be confusing,

     Studies have found that both disorders are believed to be caused by a chemical imbalance of dopamine. It is often difficult even for medical providers to make a complete and correct diagnosis when an individual first starts to display symptoms of either illness. I really do not believe there is that much difference between them due to the fact that they have similar traits. The most important part to remember would be to seek or get medical help and the correct treatment because a lack of medical treatment overall can eventually lead to permanent brain damage over a period. I honestly believe that in the future, more research or studies should be done when comparing these diagnoses.Try reading these books “Schizoaffective bipolar disorder:Understanding the Hybrid Mind” by author Charles Gold and “Better Living with Psychosis, Schizoaffective Disorder and Schizophrenia: Help for Coping and Recovery” by author Philipp Drescher.”

     

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    References

    1.NAMI.https://www.nami.org/mental-health-diagnosis/schizophrenia-schizoaffective-disorder/

    2.Cleveland Clinic. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/schizoaffective-disorder-vs-schizophrenia

    3.PsychCentral. https://psychcentral.com/schizophrenia/schizoaffective-disorder-vs-schizophrenia

  • Living with Tardive Dyskinesia

    Living with Tardive Dyskinesia

    I have a family member who was diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder over twenty-seven years ago. Throughout the years, he has developed an involuntary neurological disorder called “Tardive Dyskinesia” that is frequently referred to as TD. This is an irregular movement that affects mostly the face. Unfortunately, many areas of the body can also be affected by tardive dyskinesia. TD can affect other parts of the body, such as your eyes, lips, arms, and legs, etc.

    At first, I noticed he had an exceedingly challenging time just sitting and staying focused. However, during a short period of time, I started to notice that my family member had other symptoms that were associated with tardive dyskinesia, including lip smacking, touching his forehead continually, moving his legs back and forth, being unable to sit still for long periods, and blinking his eyes rapidly. There are many other symptoms associated with TD.

    In public, people would often stare and make fun of him. It is heartbreaking to see any individual diagnosed with tardive dyskinesia shunned and continually made fun of. Other individuals need to understand that anyone affected by tardive dyskinesia has no control over their body movements. Tardive dyskinesia is mostly caused by diverse types of antipsychotic medications used to treat symptoms associated with individuals who have been diagnosed with a mental illness.

    However, not only are there medications used to treat psychiatric disorders that can cause tardive dyskinesia, but several medications used to treat other neurological disorders and gastrointestinal disorders can also cause tardive dyskinesia symptoms. It is unknown why some individuals develop TD while others do not show signs of it. The leading cause of tardive dyskinesia is the long-term use of antipsychotic drugs. Unfortunately, reports have shown that some individuals develop TD during a brief period as well.

    There are other medications known to cause TD symptoms, such as anti-seizure, anti-nausea, mood stabilizers, some antidepressants, and even some decongestant medications, especially those that contain pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine. Studies have shown that Levodopa, often used to treat Parkinson’s disease, can cause TD. “Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson’s Disease” by Susan H. Fox {Editor}, Jonathan M. Brotchie {Editor+} {Hardcover.} Anticonvulsants used to treat epilepsy and even stimulants for ADHD have been known to cause TD in some individuals. Seek medical advice early with symptoms of TD with any medications.

    Tardive dyskinesia does not affect every individual in the same manner. It can be anywhere from mild to severe. There are a lot of individuals who are unaware that tardive dyskinesia is treatable. Medication provided may not stop all symptoms, but will often help slow them down, making them manageable. The most important thing to remember is to see your healthcare provider as soon as you can when symptoms first start. Do not put off seeking medical help.

    Individuals with TD may have difficulty performing their daily routines due to the severity of their symptoms. I have found that most individuals who are aware of their symptoms of TD are often embarrassed or very self-conscious about their unusual body movements. Many individuals refuse to attend family or social functions because of their symptoms. They tend to stay to themselves for fear of humiliation.

    It is strongly suggested that any individual on antipsychotic drugs experiencing TD symptoms talk with their healthcare provider. Do not stop taking your medications. Ask your healthcare provider about Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), which can help manage symptoms associated with TD. There are support groups in some areas that teach coping strategies for individuals with TD symptoms.

    Note: It is especially important to remember that TD is treatable. It is particularly important for individuals experiencing TD symptoms, regardless of the medications, to stay up to date with treatments by visiting their healthcare provider regularly. Monitoring and managing TD symptoms early on will help prevent long-term side effects. If you are interested in reading more about TD, then check out this book, “COMPLETE GUIDE TO TARDIVE DYSKINESIA: A Comprehensive Resource For Understanding Causes, Effective Interventions, Treatment Options, And Living Well With Neurological Disorder,” written by author, Dr.Tristan Holder. {Paperback }.

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    References

    1.Cleveland Clinic.https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6125-tardive-dyskinesia

    2. Sounds like TD.https://www.tardiveimpact.com/what-is-td

    3.Parkinson’sDisease.  https://parkinsonsdisease.net/clinical/tardive-dyskinesia

    4.GoodRx.https://www.goodrx.com/conditions/tardive-dyskinesia/medications-cause-tardive-dyskinesia

    5.Healthline.https://www.healthline.com/health/treatment-options-tardive-dyskinesia

    6.Nami.https://www.nami.org/treatments-and-approaches/mental-health-medications/tardive-dyskinesia/

  • One Young Man’s Struggle

    One Young Man’s Struggle

    Thomas Mayfield is a 31-year-old, white, single male. He stands a little over six feet tall and weighs around 278 pounds. He is a very pleasant young man with dark black hair and deep brown eyes. Thomas is a soft-spoken, easy-going, and gentle young man. The few friends he does have state that he is a big, gentle teddy bear. He loves to laugh and smiles most of the time. Thomas is interested in watching wrestling and cooking shows, loves to fish, play cards, play horseshoes, and shoot pool. Thomas enjoys listening to music and watching different sports on television, such as football, basketball, and baseball. He likes to watch professional racing and good action or comedy movies. Thomas loves animals and has a small pet dog.

    He also likes children and tends to spoil his nephews and nieces. He gets upset when someone does something wrong to either an animal or a child. Thomas informed his parents that he does not want children of his own for health reasons. He often does not make friends that well and states he has very few loyal friends. Thomas currently lives at home with his parents. Unfortunately, Thomas does not work because he is on disability due to a mental illness that he was diagnosed with when he was nineteen years old. Thomas is seeking counseling due to several problems that he has because of his illness. One of the problems is severe depression. Thomas graduated from high school when he was just seventeen years old.

     After high school, Thomas decided not to enter college but to work full-time for a while in a steel factory. During this time, he lived at home with his parents and paid all his bills on his own. Thomas was a very responsible young man. He was independent and liked to live life to the fullest by hanging out with good friends every weekend, going to various places, and enjoying himself. There were times when he spent weekends with family for cookouts, birthday parties, and other family outings. It was only after Thomas turned nineteen years old that he started having behavioral and mental problems. He became very withdrawn from family and friends. He was also severely depressed and thought about suicide several times before he turned twenty-one years old.

    Thomas even attempted suicide once by stepping out in the path of an oncoming truck. He was fortunate that a good friend had jumped out of his car and saved him. Thomas has not attempted suicide again and feels he was indeed very lucky to have such a good friend who risked his life to save him. Unfortunately, Thomas’s good friend died several months later from an unknown cause, which bothered Thomas very much. This incident created a lot of stress for Thomas and more depression. Thomas started seeking counseling due to his current difficulty with severe depression. He has stated that he was very unsatisfied with his life and would like to make changes. Thomas now understands that he is the only person who can truly make amends to his life.

    Thomas is having a challenging time understanding why he does not have a girlfriend, and this has especially caused further depression. Thomas feels that most women close to his age or a little younger tend to be afraid of him. He further believes that a minority of women, as soon as they find out he has been diagnosed with a mental illness, have negative thoughts, and they are afraid of him. It is often exceedingly difficult for him to explain to others that just because he has been diagnosed with a mental illness does not mean he is a horrible person. Thomas tries extremely hard to have a cheerful outlook. He has his own vehicle and can drive anywhere. He takes full responsibility for paying his own bills, keeping his car clean and maintained. He is keeping his room clean at home.

    Thomas washes his own clothes. He enjoys buying and cooking his own food. He has regular standing appointments with his family doctor, psychologist, and counselor. He does not like to miss any of his medical appointments. Thomas takes his medications faithfully every afternoon at the same time, so he will not forget them. Thomas understands that for him to continue to live a stable life, he must take all his medications. He knows fully well there have been times when he saw different mental health providers who thought his medications needed to be switched and changed.  Unfortunately, this did not work well with Thomas, and he started to have serious behavioral problems. He has since read and learned a lot about different medications.

    Thomas was incredibly happy when, due to unnecessary medication changes, a family member decided to help him get back on track with the medications that worked well for him. Thomas has learned to be aware of his illness. Thomas knows what works best for him, and he is aware that not all changes are good, especially when it comes to medications used to treat an individual who has been diagnosed with a mental illness. Mainly because he knows every individual is different. He is fully aware that the mediations that work for him in controlling his symptoms may not work well for another individual with the same illness. He is aware that everyone has their own opinions, but for him to have a normal, stable life, his medications are necessary.

    Thomas currently attends college and is optimistic that he will be able to graduate, return to work, and one day live on his own. He would like to return to the workforce environment full-time. He would also like to meet a nice young woman. Although Thomas prefers not to have children of his own, he is willing to adopt children, provided that a family medical background is established. He is afraid that he will pass down his mental illness to his own children. Thomas stated that it would take a special woman to love him. He would like to overcome his fear and move on with his life. Thomas believes that in his heart, he would never harm another human being and that the biggest risk would be in harming himself, mainly because of his mental illness and becoming unstable.

    This is why he tells others that maintaining a healthy lifestyle, visiting your medical care team providers, and taking the correct medications are an especially important part of your lifestyle.

    Note from author: This is a brief story based on an actual individual I know, but his name has been changed for privacy. It is just an insight into how an individual who has been diagnosed with a severe mental illness feels. Thomas has continued to keep a positive outlook on life, regardless of his mental illness diagnosis.

    Here is a book you might be interested in reading: “Living with mental illness:A personal journey,” by author John Francis Griffin. {Paperback }.

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  • Musician Tom Harrell: Dealing with Schizophrenia

    Musician Tom Harrell: Dealing with Schizophrenia

    I have always enjoyed music played by a good trumpet player. When I think of a trumpet player, the name Tom Harrell comes to mind. I drafted an article about Tom during my college years and was amazed at what I learned about him. I found Tom to be a magnificent human being. Tom started playing the trumpet when he was eight years old. And in 1969, he became a professional trumpet player. Tom was considered one of the best creative jazz trumpeters and composers towards the end of the 20th and 21st centuries.

    Most musicians struggle to create something wonderful and magical out of their music. Unfortunately, many individuals are turned away by the musical world because they are considered not “talented enough” to play. Millions of people all over the world travel every day with high hopes of breaking into the world of music and daydreaming of becoming a famous musician. What makes Tom Harrell special? In a world where most normal-thinking people struggle to rise in the musical world, Tom was incredibly different altogether. He never gave up, even when he was diagnosed with a horrible illness.

    Tom fought back against one of the most crippling mental disorders known to mankind. Tom was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia during his late adolescent years while attending his freshman year in college. One must question what made Tom love music? Could his father have influenced him as a small boy? Tom once stated that he had grown up listening to his father whistling to the sounds of Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong. What made him so special in the musical world to start with?

    There were few eight-year-old boys at that time who could play a trumpet and be considered talented. Tom not only learned to play the trumpet at an early age, but he also learned to play the piano by the age of eight. He did not just play music either; at the beginning of his fifth grade, he could compose and arrange music. Tom did something that many adults struggle with and often did not get right. Tom could write musical notes and had the most amazing talent at such an early age of arranging music than most adults.

    Several individuals, before meeting him, had often thought that he was an adult. By the time Tom was in the seventh grade, and at the tender age of thirteen, he was playing music professionally. He often traveled worldwide with groups everywhere he could play. Regardless of his illness, Tom graduated in 1969 from Stanford University with a bachelor’s degree in music composition. Throughout his lifetime, Tom has traveled and played with numerous groups and bands. In 1989, Tom started playing and leading his own bands.

    He traveled on a regular schedule throughout the United States, Europe, South America, and Japan. In one year, Tom was known to have performed 80 to 100 times. Tom not only fought with the symptoms of his illness, but he also struggled with the side effects of many different medications that were prescribed to stabilize his symptoms throughout the years. Unfortunately, several medications left side effects of permanent damage to his body. In a world where people often shun those with a mental illness, Tom has gone beyond what most doctors could believe was possible for someone with a mental illness.

    I heard him play live on the radio many years ago. I had an aunt who loved his music and had several of his recordings. Regardless of the demons in which he fought throughout the years, he was by far one of the most talented jazz musicians that I have had the joy of hearing play. It is hard to imagine that this talented and gifted musician has such a crippling disease of the mind, but that did not stop him from reaching for his dream. It has been said that when seen in an interview, he is not only gentle spoken but is a humble and gentle human being.

    It is the commitment to his music with the incredible talent that he has, regardless of his disease, which has made him an incredibly special person. It is heartbreaking that so many people strongly believe that individuals with severe mental disorders are violent or dangerous, despite research findings. A minority of individuals that I have seen throughout my medical career who were medically diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were pleasant to talk with. Many have a wonderful sense of humor and are highly intelligent in many areas. According to Tom, when playing his music, he feels more at peace with himself.

    Tom Harrell is still alive and well. He is still active within the music world and continues to travel, write, record as well as perform music. Tom Harrell was born June 16,1946 and this coming June he will be 80 years old. It is utterly amazing that he continues to be incredibly involved in the musical world. An extraordinarily talented man of great strength and determination. A friend told me about this book that I need to read, “The Definitive Schizophrenia Recovery Handbook.” .Kindle Edition by author Robert Francis. The amazing thing about this author is the fact that he was diagnosed years ago with schizophrenia himself. I am going to enjoy reading this book.

    There are two books I like to read on schizoaffective disorder, written by the author, Guenevere MacDonald. “Schizoaffective Disorder: A Patient &Family Guide.” {Mental Health and Wellness. Book One. Paperback Edition and “Schizoaffective Disorder: A Self-Care Guide.” {Mental Health and Wellness} Book Two. Paperback Edition.

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    References

    1.Tom Harrell Biography. https://www.musicianguide.com/biographies

    /1608002566/Tom-Harrell.html

    2.Stanford Magazine. https://stanfordmag.org/contents/making-music-that-catches-the-wind

    3.CBS News. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/a-beautiful-note/

  • Mental Illness and Obesity

    Mental Illness and Obesity

    Several years ago, while I was in college, I drafted an article about schizophrenia and obesity. Throughout the years, I learned several interesting facts that I would like to share. Studies have shown that weight gain is by far the most common side effect of most antipsychotic medications. The type of medications used to treat mental illness plays a significant role in weight gain. Atypical antipsychotic medications like Olanzapine (brand name Zyprexa) and Clozapine (brand name Clozaril) are second-generation atypical antipsychotic medications that increase the risk for serious weight gain.

    Aripiprazole (brand name Abilify), Ziprasidone (brand name Geodon), and Lurasidone (brand name Latuda) can help prevent serious weight gain. The other critical area to remember with any antipsychotic medications is to consider an individual’s metabolism. One must understand that genetics plays a huge role in an individual’s body structure. It is particularly important to understand that not everyone is the same. Everyone can react to the same type of drug but in a separate way. What works for one individual to maintain a healthy weight may not work for someone else.

    Sadly, it is more so for individuals who are diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder than for any other individual diagnosed with other mental illnesses. According to research, weight gain is the primary cause of other major health problems and obesity in individuals with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. It is a known factor that antipsychotic medications can cause very rapid weight gain that leads to obesity and other major health problems. Many individuals who are seriously obese are prone to skin breakdown, which leads to serious skin infections, and that is just one example.

     I am fully aware that individuals with schizophrenia /schizoaffective disorders who are obese increase their risk for many other life-threatening diseases, such as cardiovascular heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, and cerebrovascular accidents. That is just some of the health problems that can arise from not monitoring their weight regularly. Unfortunately, this has increased the cost of care for individuals with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, and for society to provide care for them especially if they are unstable.

    There are way too many individuals with a mental illness who do not have a dedicated support system. This leads to unsupervised care in a home environment setting. “Abdominal obesity contributes to increased health risk of those with schizophrenia.” {Van Gaal,2006.} “A major risk for all of these, and one that is amenable to lifestyle intervention is abdominal obesity.” {Meyer et.al., 2005. This plays a leading factor in most individuals diagnosed with any type of mental illness.

     “Most persons with schizophrenia do not understand the risk involved in not eating a proper, nutritious diet and exercising every day. A simple diet must consider the cognitive limitations of clients with schizophrenia. People with schizophrenia may not understand the relationship between weight and diet or may not understand how to improve their eating habits. {Dixon ,2003}. “Studies have documented that persons with schizophrenia consume more saturated fats.” {Ryan, Collins, & Thakore,2003.

      As well as more “refined sugar than healthy persons, and probably less fiber than people with no mental illness.” {Stokes &Peet, 2003}. This is why it is particularly important for each person to have the care necessary to monitor their weight gain. Primary care providers, spouses, other family members, caretakers, adult children, and even close friends can help. I worked in the medical field for years with clients who were severely obese and had no support other than a medical care provider. These are the individuals who fall between the cracks. I have family members who were diagnosed with a mental illness.

    The challenge facing the medical field today is understanding the importance and risk factors involved with antipsychotic medications. Because some individuals with mental illness tend to be less active and have poor diet habits. That is why it is so important to find a good primary care provider, psychologist, and counselor. I am a firm believer that not everyone in the different areas of the medical field need to be there. Throughout the years that I have worked in the medical field I have questioned several medical providers about their own decisions as to how they treated their patients / clients.

     The most important thing to remember is finding someone who really listens and who you feel comfortable talking   with them. One needs to remember as well that it is especially important to be honest with the medical providers that care for you. If you have concerns about your care do not be afraid to ask questions. Therefore, I will continue to believe it is especially important for individuals to learn about their medications and their side effects. Every individual knows their own body better than anyone else. I encourage you to learn to look out for yourself.

    And again, I will state this is why it is also even more important for everyone who is on antipsychotic medication to learn to monitor their own weight, if possible, by incorporating positive eating habits. One must remember that there are many diverse types of antipsychotic medications. Individuals with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or for that matter, anyone who may exhibit any type of mental illness should understand how important it is to choose one that will help stabilize and control the symptoms, but also not create a serious weight gain.

    If one medication causes a lot of weight gain but does an excellent job in controlling the symptoms associated with the mental illness diagnosed, there needs to be a diet change put in place. The outcome for controlling symptoms and controlling serious weight gain will depend on the individual. Providers need to make sure everyone receives the correct care. What works for one individual with schizophrenia / schizoaffective disorder may not work for another individual with the same diagnosis. The same applies with individuals diagnose with other types of mental illness.

     Everyone is different. It is equally important for healthcare providers to screen and monitor weight again closely. “Most of the antipsychotic medications will increase weight gain and play an important factor in causing further health problems for a person with schizophrenia.” {Beebe,2005. This is why teaching plays an important part in helping individuals to learn about antipsychotic medications. An individual will not understand the danger involved in serious weight gain unless someone takes the time to collaborate with them and explain the outcome.

    I had a gentleman who once told me that he believed his young daughter, who was 20 years old and weighed over 350 pounds, did not have enough sense to understand choices concerning her diet change. He said that he believed due to her mental state, that she was stupid. I strongly disagreed with him. I politely explained to him that the lack of strong family support, frequent consumption of fast foods, unstable living conditions and poor diet habits contributed a lot to obesity in many individuals that had a mental illness. But again, that is not true in all cases.

    Eventually, this young woman was removed from her family home, due to the lack of a strong family support system, into a more supported environment. And within a period of 2 years, she ended up losing two hundred pounds. She did this by attending classes provided by a local church on learning to create healthy food choices and to be more involved in her own self-care routine. Furthermore, she decided to engage in art painting classes. I spoke with her after art class and was incredibly happy to learn that she had found a positive way to help her cope with stress. She was maintaining her weight by eating a lot better, attending different classes or sessions on mental illness, and healthy lifestyles, taking her prescribed medications that worked for her. She displayed a lot more confidence in herself. An interesting book to read is “Schizophrenia: Understanding Symptoms Diagnosis & Treatment.” by author Anthony Wilkenson.

    Unfortunately, several individuals that work within the medical field, which do not provide direct patient care and are not fully aware that psychiatric medications have a great deal to do with the large amount of weight gain for people with schizophrenia. And can cause weight gain with individuals suffering from other mental illness issues. The author Beebe stated that, “Inventions to increase confidence and include education, appropriate equipment, footwear, and the like. Memory prompts of earlier physical competence, and discussion of other activities in which the client is proficient.” {Beebe,2008. She believed inventions played a crucial role in self-care for persons with a mental illness.

    Mostly individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder are not the only individuals that suffer from serious weight gain on antipsychotic medications. I have known several medical providers that prescribed antipsychotic medications to treat other diverse types of mental illness. And these individuals also struggle with serious weight gain as well until they take responsibility for maintaining a healthy weight or they have family support to encourage them to eat healthier.

    Remember: The main goal for anyone diagnosed with any type of mental illness is to be involved in the outcome of your own healthcare by learning about your illness, medications, side effects, choices, and dietary factors that will lead to a healthy lifestyle. I like this magnet, “Magnet Schizophrenia Awareness No One Walks Alone Tomorrow Needs You Magnetic ,” so check it out today!

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    References

    1.Van Gaal, L.F. 2006} Long term health considerations in schizophrenia. Metabolic effects and the role of abdominal adiposity. European Neuropsychopharmacology, Suppl.3} S142-S148.

    2.Meyer, J.M., Nasrallah., McEvoy J.P., Golf, D.C., Davis, S.M., Chakos, M., ET AL. 2005. The Clinical Antipsychotic Trails of Intervention Effectiveness {CATIE} schizophrenia trail. Clinical comparison of subgroups with and without the metabolic syndrome, Schizophrenia Research, 9-18.

    3.Dixon, I.B. 22003.Diabetes and mental illness. Factors to keep in mind. Consultant, 3. 337-348

    4.Ryan, M.C., Collins, P., & Thakore, JH. 2003. Impaired glucose tolerance in first episode, drug naïve patients with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, {2}, 384-289.

    5.Strokes, C., & Peet, M. 22003.Dietary sugar and polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption as predictors of severity of that schizophrenia symptoms. Nutrition and Neuroscience, 7,{4}, 247-249.

    6.Beebe, Lora Humphrey {2008, Jan. Obesity in Schizophrenia: Screening, Monitoring, and Health Promotion. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 1, 25-31.

  • Understanding Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

    Understanding Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

    PTSD stands for “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.” PTSD is considered a mental health condition. The main cause of PTSD is a drastic or frightening event that has occurred in an individual’s life at one point. For a long time, it was thought that only adults experience PTSD. Time has proven that children can also experience it even at an incredibly early age. PTSD results when an individual is part of something horrible that happened to them, or they witnessed something devastating that is traumatic. There are times when it is extremely difficult for several individuals who suffer from PTSD to adjust to life.

    Sadly, it can be a lifetime battle to overcome PTSD. It is often an uphill battle to overcome the symptoms associated with PTSD. Unfortunately, in several incidents, some individuals really do not cope well with their PTSD symptoms. There are multiple symptoms related to PTSD, such as reliving traumatic events often due to triggers, bad dreams (nightmares), hallucinations, panic attacks, severe anxiety, insomnia, intrusive thoughts, night sweats, and withdrawal. This usually leads to a change in the way an individual acts, feels, or even thinks. In some cases, an individual’s whole personality changes.

    Not every individual who has been through or witnessed a traumatic event will develop PTSD symptoms. Studies have also shown that not everyone experiences the same or all symptoms associated with PTSD. What causes PTSD? There are several, such as childhood trauma, involving childhood neglect and physical abuse, sexual assaults, whether it is molestation or rape, physically assaulted in a fight, domestic violence, witnessing a horrible accident or being involved in one, watching and losing a loved one to death, or warfare, aka combat duty. Many veterans go through this a lot.

    Individuals going through a divorce or a relationship breakup can suffer from PTSD without violence being involved. Separation alone creates overwhelming stress. Several other complications involving PTSD, including individuals developing eating disorders, seeking out street drugs, even prescription drugs to mask their symptoms, mood swings, depression; many individuals deal with suicidal thoughts. Symptoms of PTSD never go completely away. There are always triggers that will bring up a memory. The important thing to remember is that you can learn to cope with PTSD in a better and more effective manner by seeking professional medical help.

    I always encourage individuals to seek professional help as soon as possible. My experience with PTSD involves my childhood. Throughout my childhood, I often heard adults say that young children do not remember things. This is not so, I can tell you that! Question is … “How young can a child be to remember something traumatic that happened or involved them?” This depends on the child and how strongly it affects them. For a brief time in my childhood, I lived in my grandmother’s old farmhouse. During that time, I experienced not just one traumatic event in my life but two.

    The first one was my mother becoming sick, and she ended up being taken away to a psychiatric hospital. The second one was when my grandmother’s house caught on fire. My siblings and I were left inside by one of my aunts. If it had not been for two of my older cousins walking back from a country store and seeing the house on fire, my siblings and I would have died inside. My sister was 4 years old, my brother was 7 months old, and I was only three years old at both times these incidents occurred. My grandmother had walked down the road to take something to her own sister’s house, and she left my aunt there with us.

    The house, in a brief time, was burnt down to the ground. My aunt later told my father that she panicked and ran outside. I have yet to understand how a grown woman can run outside of a burning house and leave three small children inside to die. Throughout my life as a child, I had times when I experienced nightmares about both incidents in my childhood. My mother, who left me, plus the house fire. I remember waking up and crying as a child. I thought these nightmares would be gone when I became an adult. During a period, from my teens until early twenties, occasionally, I might have had these bad nightmares every few weeks.

    I still remember the picture in my mind of my mother leaving as I stood by the window in my grandmother’s house, crying. Again, as I stated before, that was the first incident involving PTSD. I remember waking up in the middle of the night, crying for my mother, screaming, and banging my small fist on the window, telling them to leave my mother alone. The second was my grandmother’s house fire. That happened not long after my mother was taken away. So, unfortunately, for most of my exceedingly early adult life, I have had nightmares of both events that occurred.

    There was an event that brought nightmares about my grandmother’s house fire back in full force, as an adult, which involved a house that burnt down. That fire killed not only the grandmother inside but also seven children, ranging from a 4-month-old baby to a 14-year-old teenager. This happened at the time, right down the road from where I lived. And before I started a career in the medical field. I can honestly say that for a good 6 months afterwards, I had horrible nightmares. I never really understood why, at that time, I had these nightmares when something bad happened to other people.

    This was especially true as an older adult when I worked in the medical field. Especially, as a certain medical emergency would cause me to have “brief flashbacks” or “nightmares.”It was only after I started working in the medical field with individuals who suffered from PTSD that I could finally put a name to what was happening to me as well. Later, when I started back to college for my master’s degree, I learned a lot about different mental health issues. This included studying the symptoms and outcomes of PTSD. During my college years, I spent a lot of time talking to professors while earning my bachelor’s and master’s degrees.

    I faced for the first time the fears of my childhood and learned how to cope with my own PTSD symptoms positively. I learned what could trigger them and how to manage my own reactions to them without a horrible fear. Can I say that I no longer have nightmares? As for my nightmares involving my mother, I have long ago laid that to rest. The main reason was learning “why” she left! Because, as a small child, no one in my family, not even my father, bothered to explain to my sister or me why our mother had to leave. Often, I would hear my father or my aunts talking about my mother, but as soon as I walked into the room, they would stop talking.

    When I asked about her, I really did not receive a clear answer. Why my mother left is a whole different story that I will talk about at another time. As for my nightmares concerning my grandmother’s house fire. Yes, there are times when I still wake up in the middle of the night, sweating, shaking, and feeling like I cannot breathe. I get up, start doing my breathing exercises, get something to drink, and sometimes get a delightful book to read. There are times I might work on drawing or painting. The main thing for me is to do something positive to help put my mind in a better place and help calm me down.

    Once I am calm, I might go back to sleep or decide to work in my flowerbed or garden. Of course, this depends on the weather! But the main thing is creating a positive outcome for me. Then again, there are times in the early mornings when I might sit back in my favorite comfortable chair, relax, and drink a nice cup of hot coffee or hot chocolate. I like watching the hummingbirds that fly around in my flowerbed. Everyone is different in how they respond to PTSD symptoms. The most important thing that anyone can do is seek professional help to learn how to cope without harming themselves or someone else.

    So, if you know anyone suffering from PTSD symptoms, including yourself, again, seek out help. Stay strong because the symptoms are not going away overnight. It takes time and patience. In the meantime, stay focused on the good things in life. It is particularly important to have family, friends, or someone who can give you emotional support during the challenging times in your life! As one of my college professors told me years ago, “The first important thing in life to remember when you have gone through a difficult part in your life is to learn to love yourself! You must love yourself before you can absolutely love another!” You can read more about PTSD by clicking on the websites listed under my references.

    Take the step, learn more about PTSD, find the extra support you need, and seek out positive ways to cope. Check out this paperback book by author Alex J. Carter, “The Complex PTSD Workbook for Self-Healing: A Practical Guide to Understand Trauma, Calm Emotional Flashbacks, Manage Dissociation, and Rebuild Identity After Abuse, Neglect, or Chronic Stress.” A very interesting workbook. There is another author I like as well, who wrote, “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: The Self-Help Book – Understand the Causes of PTSD Step by Step and Treat It Successfully – Including a 10-Week Transformation Plan for Trauma Recovery” by Carolin Rehnberg in Kindle edition.

    “As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.”

    References

    1. National Alliance on Mental Illness. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. https://www.nami.org/types-of-conditions/posttraumatic-stress-disorder/

    2. American Psychiatric Association. What is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder {PTSD}? https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/ptsd/what-is-ptsd

    3. Navy Seal Foundation. I AM THAT WARRIOR. https://www.navysealfoundation.org/

    4. Veteran Crisis Line.  24/7 CONFIDENTIAL CRISIS SUPPORT.https://www.veteranscrisisline.net/

    5. National Institute of Mental Health. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/post-traumatic-stress-disorder

    6. Mayo Clinic.Posttraumatic stress disorder {PTSD}.https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355973

  • Is bulimia nervosa a form of Mental Illness?

    Is bulimia nervosa a form of Mental Illness?

    Individuals with bulimia nervosa experience periods of binge eating and then purging. This is often just referred to as just {bulimia}. What does that mean? They eat too much {overeat} or eat until they feel like it is time to stop. Often, they eat like this in secret and then start to feel guilty plus ashamed about how much they consume. This is when the purging starts. What does purging mean? An individual will make themself vomit. Of course, there are other ways that individuals will practice getting rid of what they consume that are just as dangerous and unhealthy.

    So, let us really look at the whole picture here. There are multiple ways that an individual with bulimia nervosa purges. Listed below are several of the unhealthy habits they develop.

    -Purge {vomiting}

    -Intense exercising

    – Using Laxatives

    -Taking diuretics

    -Enemas

    -Consuming dietary products often.

    Individuals who purge are very self-conscious of their bodies. Most are ashamed of their bodies, and no matter how much weight they lose, it seems never enough to satisfy them. Again, they are afraid of gaining weight and will do everything they can to get rid of the extra food they consumed. Unfortunately, many individuals do not realize how dangerous bulimia can truly be. It is considered a serious eating disorder and can be life – threatening. Most individuals suffer from serious symptoms associated with bulimia.

    The following is a list of health problems that need to be watched closely if you are aware of someone who suffers from bulimia. Dehydration creates a considerable number of problems involving someone who purges because the individual is more likely to suffer from syncope episodes. They become lightheaded and dizzy. Years ago, I collaborated with a female who suffered from bulimia. There were several times she lost consciousness completely. She lost her job due to developing serious health issues.

    Many individuals involved in purging who experience syncope episodes end up having lifelong health issues that cannot be reversed. Some individuals have multiple health problems that take a toll not only on their bodies but also on their entire lifestyle. They can develop problems with heart palpitations, chest pains, dental decay due to all the vomiting, and shortness of breath. One such female that I knew had multiple miscarriages. There are so many more dangerous symptoms associated with bulimia.

    I encountered a female who did not realize that purging can lead to serious heart problems due to electrolyte imbalances in her body. Many other signs of dehydration can lead to syncope episodes of instability, disorientation, tiredness, increased heart rate, heart palpitations, cloudy or dark colored urine due to the body being dehydrated, as well as a drop in blood pressure, which can be usually incredibly low. Not only can the above problems be caused by dehydration, but can also lead to urinary tract infections, kidney stones, fatigue, nausea, muscle cramps, and seizures. And even in some severe cases, a coma and organ failure.

    Several individuals whom I have known developed problems with gastroesophageal reflux as well, which created a painful problem with their throats due to sticking fingers down their throats to create forcible vomiting. Because of this, usually the esophagus will become damaged (scarred) over time from repeating this process of purging. Doing my time in the medical field, I have seen individuals who had so much damage to their throat that it was required for them to have surgery just to be able to eat and swallow food again. One individual ended up having throat cancer.

    According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), bulimia and other eating disorders are considered mental illnesses. Most individuals, even with serious health problems, tend to continue to have a negative view of their body image. In many incidents involving individuals of different ages, no matter how much help they receive, it will not stop until that individual wants to stop or they die. They must make that choice themselves. Sadly, no one can make it for them.

    Years ago, I had a close friend who suffered from bulimia from the time she was in her early teens, as young as 13 years old, well into her forties. Sadly, it took years of treatment for her to overcome bulimia. Unfortunately, the damage had already been done to her body. At one point, she weighed sixty-three pounds, and at 5 feet and eight inches, she looked like a walking skeleton. Seeing her like this broke my heart. The real pain was watching her parents, siblings, husband, and children suffer from watching her starve herself. They did everything possible to help her.

    After months of treatment in a facility for bulimia, she was able to come home only to be diagnosed with end-stage renal disease, otherwise known as ESRD. Usually, at stage 5 of kidney disease, dialysis is needed to prolong life. She was on dialysis for 3 years before she finally died. If you know someone suffering from bulimia, listen to them. Encourage them to see a dietitian, to develop healthy hobbies, to seek professional help, such as a counselor or therapist, but most of all, please be a friend and be non-judgmental towards them.

    So again, is bulimia nervosa a form of Mental Illness? The answer would be “Yes” according to well-documented medical research!

    References

    1.WELL. Eating Disorder Recovery Specialists (EDRS). https://eatingdisorderspecialists.com/blog

    2.NEDA. National Eating Disorders Association. What is Binge Eating Disorder? https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/binge-eating-disorder

    3.National Alliance for Eating Disorders. Hope Starts Here. https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org

    4.WEDMD. Binge Eating Disorder Resource Center. https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/eating-disorders/binge-eating-disorder/default.htm

    5.MentalHealth.com.Bulimia Nervosa. https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/bulimia-nervosa

    6.MHA. Mental Health America. Eating Disorders. https://mhanational.org/conditions/eating-disorders/

  • Schizoaffective Disorder

    Schizoaffective Disorder

    Throughout the years, many doctors believed that schizoaffective disorder was the same as schizophrenia. While researching schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia, studies showed that they seem similar. But research has finally decided that both disorders are considerably different and display their own specific symptoms.

    Many individuals that I have worked with who were diagnosed with schizophrenia see and hear fictional voices, but to these individuals, this is very real. So, in a way, these disorders do have some separate symptoms, yet tend to appear to be very much alike. Yet, they are very much different as well, and each will need to be treated differently.Several people ask, “What is considered a schizoaffective disorder?” Schizoaffective disorder includes the following symptoms: mild depression, delusions, hallucinations, and mania depression. The psychotic symptoms include hallucinations or delusions. The mood swing disorder of the disease includes the state of bipolar and depressive symptoms.

    Schizoaffective disorder is often extremely challenging to diagnose and treat. Most individuals will need to be monitored for several months to make a proper diagnosis. An individual can be diagnosed with the disease but have depressive symptoms that can impair their ability to function daily and create a decrease in their ability to communicate within a normal range. Most individuals who display bipolar symptoms of the disease include both mania and major depression. This will depend on the individual. In the mania state of the disease, an individual will often display an irritable mood of highs and lows. They may feel the need not to sleep.

    The lack of sleep only makes the symptoms worse for the individual. They often are very talkative and seek attention by talking with others, often at an inappropriate time. Well, other individuals may become withdrawn and unsociable. An individual can have both bipolar and depressive symptoms of the disease or just one part of the disease.The actual cause of the disease is still not completely known. Although it is believed that many factors have been blamed as the reason for schizoaffective disorder. They include a family history of mental illnesses, the inability to cope with overwhelming and stressful events in their life, and drugs that alter their mind, and even traumatic brain injuries.

    I believe that the disease does reflect two unusual types of mental illness. One type is schizophrenia, a mental illness, and the other type is bipolar mental illness, which is combined to create the “schizoaffective disorder.” Many factors should be considered when diagnosing any type of mental illness in an individual. There are so many types of mental illness that it is especially important for individuals working in the mental health field to make the correct diagnosis. Doctors need to eliminate other mental illnesses, other medical conditions, and of course, substance abuse. The disease varies, and treatment for everyone diagnosed with this mental illness is different as well.

    Treatment will usually depend on the severity and type of symptoms an individual displays. Treatment will often include education in the ability to function with daily life skills, a combination of medication(s), and group therapy or individual therapy. Regardless of what type of mental illness you may have, it is particularly important to have in place a solid self-support system that can provide you with a routine, stable treatment plan, and a strong family support system. Although many individuals do not have any family members at all, others have family members who can or will provide support. I have told many individuals that family does not have to include someone who is biologically related to you.

    Family is whatever you make of it. Frequently, many people have friends who are usually closer to them moreso than their own blood relatives. Family can be the bond that you share with someone who loves and respects you for who you are. They accept the fact that you have a mental illness and provide the support you need to stay stable. Every individual with any type of mental illness should try to learn and understand their illness. Education plays an important part in an individual’s understanding of their mental illness, as well as that of family members and friends. Learning about your mental illness will help you to know the warning signs of when you may have a breakdown.

    Receiving education about your illness can help teach you about the symptoms or triggers that you experience leading up to your breakdown. Every individual is different, and they have different triggers that can cause an outburst. There is no such thing as everyone being alike. Everyone has their own unique symptoms. I encourage individuals with any type of mental illness to learn the signs and symptoms of their illness. Learn what can cause triggers that lead to an outburst.

    References

    1.Mayo Clinic.org. Schizoaffective Disorder. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/schizoaffective-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20354504

    2.National Alliance of Mental Illness. Org. Schizoaffective Disorder.https://www.nami.org/types-of-conditions/schizoaffective-disorder/

    3. verywellmind.com. What is Schizoaffective Disorder? https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-schizoaffective-disorder-4171702

  • Mental Turmoil

    Mental Turmoil

    Ask me about when an individual states their mind is in “Turmoil.” I believe half of the individuals who struggle with diverse types of mental illness frequently feel that their lives are burdened with a lot of emotions, such as interruptions in their daily lifestyle, rivalry, and turmoil. Turmoil is just another word for confusion that includes panic attacks, mood swings, unhappiness, despair, and that only touches on a few of the emotions that many individuals with a mental illness feel. The trademark sign of emotional turmoil is when an individual feels extremely “out of control.” I will not sugarcoat it because there may be times an individual will and can become violent due to their mind being in a state of “turmoil.”

    An individual’s issues seem larger than life to them, and they are very intense. Being able to calm themselves down once they are aggravated is often particularly challenging. It is exceedingly difficult to watch a loved one go through a “state of mind” where they are out of control, unable to focus on just a simple daily lifestyle. There are times when an individual may flare up with uncontrollable emotions that are entirely different from their original personality. This can frighten loved ones, friends, co-workers, and other individuals. Their outburst may include shouting, irritability, pacing from room to room, throwing things, and saying things that are not true, presenting a hostile attitude towards certain family members, friends, and other individuals.

     Sometimes an individual may lose their temper due to frustration over the simplest thing. There may be other times they act carelessly, unable to sense that things may be dangerous to them. This makes it difficult because they are unable to recognize things or their surroundings that can put them, as well as others, in danger. They become unaware of their surroundings, which can lead to that individual not being able to eat, drink, or take their medications, or could lead to an inability to sleep. Of course, everyone is different, and some may overeat and sleep much more than usual. Often, when an individual becomes silent and unsociable, they may even refuse to acknowledge or talk to anyone.

    Many reasons can cause turmoil in an individual’s life that creates a “mental meltdown.” The loss of a loved one, detachment from a relationship, whether it is a friendship, parents, marriage, their children, loss of employment, financial hardship, refusing to seek help when necessary, or refusing to take prescribed medications to improve their mental wellbeing. Even with ongoing serious health problems, being involved in an abusive relationship, or even witnessing a horrible event. Unfortunately, when an individual suffers from any type of mental illness, these common triggers can be devastating to them. According to “The Free Dictionary .com website, “Turmoil is a state of great commotion, confusion, or disturbance, tumult; agitation: disquiet.”

    How does emotional turmoil affect an individual’s mental health?

    Most of the time, it is due to distress. And there are many circumstantial triggers related to distress, as noted in the above paragraph. I learned years ago that an example of this would be my neighbor’s house burning down. Unfortunately, her family lost everything in this disaster. My neighbor, who had always been a strong individual, completely broke down. She ended up with medications to help calm her nerves and was in therapy for several years. The point here is that anyone, regardless of how mentally strong they seem, can break down due to a disastrous event that has occurred in their life.

    Throughout the years, while working within the medical field, several individuals not only suffered from emotional mental turmoil but also from physical distress and displayed symptoms of several types of body ailments, such as upset stomach, stomach pains, joint pain, headaches, and muscle spasms. So, one can honestly say that when an individual shows signs of emotional turmoil, not only does it affect them mentally, but also physically.

    Emotional Turmoil is often attributed to extreme and devastating feelings. It has been known to cause mental confusion and emotional disharmony. Often, it is due to diverse types of conflicts, frightening circumstances, or continuing aggravations. Acknowledging the basic reasons of emotional turmoil can help individuals to recognize triggers and establish coping methods to manage their emotions adequately.

    Note:

    It would also be helpful to set up therapeutic sessions with interventions to help an individual cope, such as counseling, accurate methods/ techniques, and cognitive -behavioral therapy, on a regular schedule. In the past, while collaborating with individuals who had mental health problems, I suggested to them to start keeping a journal. I like the journal book I found, which is called “My Therapist Told Me to Journal: A Creative Mental Health Workbook” by author Holly Chisholm. I like this paperback book written by authors Ari Jackson and Frank Allen, “Overcoming Mental Turmoil: Mind Under Authority Six Weeks Of Spiritual Redirection & Inner Healing.”

    “As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.”

    Reference

    1.Random House Kernerman Webster’s College Dictionary. S.v. “turmoil.” Retrieved February 15, 2023.https://www.thefreedictionary.com/turmoil

    2.NeuroLaunch.co. https://neurolaunch.com/psychological-turmoil/ 3. National Alliance on Mental Illness. https://www.nami.org/

  • Lynn

    Lynn

    Several years ago, I had lunch with my old friend, Lynn. She had always been the type of person who never tried to hide anything. She was incredibly open about her life. Lynn was a drug addict for over 18 years. She started using drugs as a teenager when she was 14 years old. During her school years, Lynn usually would buy her drugs from friends and classmates. These drugs were prescription medications that her friends and classmates stole to sell for money. You see, she did not use illegal street drugs. For the longest time, Lynn never thought she had a drug problem. Because in her mind … she was not a drug addict! Lynn’s choice of prescription drugs at that time was codeine and valium.

    As the years went by and Lynn got older, she eventually started buying Xanax and Oxycodone from the streets most of the time. Eventually, Lynn would lose everything, including her husband, children, job, and home, due to her drug problems. Lynn’s drug problems created a lot of legal problems for her. She used it heavily every day, and her drug habit had gotten out of control. She used every game possible to get these drugs. You name it, and she did it. Stealing money and jewelry, sold her body for sex, and did anything else she could to steal from family, friends, co-workers, or anybody just to sell for money. Shoplifting to sell items for money, writing bad checks on a banking account in her husband’s name, and hers.

    Lynn did not have a problem stealing blank checks and forging them from other people’s banking accounts, including her stepfather, mother, and grandparents. It was all about having the money to get her drugs. Lynn had suffered from depression for many years, starting as a child. Lynn never understood why her biological father left shortly after she turned four. It was believed that Lynn’s drug addiction was related to her depression. She had a tough time accepting the fact that even later in life, as a teenager, her father still wanted nothing to do with her. Because of her drug addiction, Lynn’s stepfather and mother filed ECOs on her multiple times within 18 years.

    “An ECO is an Emergency Custody Order for adults who are incapable of making an informed decision for themselves.” Sometimes this is necessary to save a life when the addiction becomes bad. Lynn’s drug addiction had become worse after her husband left. Lynn’s ex-husband received full custody of their children. He had also gotten a court order barring Lynn from seeing the children until she could get clean. Unfortunately, Lynn blamed her stepfather and mother for many things. Lynn had a big attitude problem with her stepfather throughout the time of her drug addiction. Mainly because Lynn often thought he kept her mother from helping her.

    Lynn believed for a long time that her parents had given up on her. What hurt the most was the fact that Lynn believed her own “flesh and blood,” her mother, had given up on her! But their home was always open for Lynn to have a place to stay, clothes to wear if needed, food to eat, and medical care as well. They made this known to her several times throughout the years. It took Lynn years to understand that her parents did not give up on her. I certainly can state, “her parents,” because Lynn had just turned 6 years old when her stepfather married her mother. Lynn’s stepfather was the only real father figure who was there when she was growing up.

    During the years of Lynn’s drug addiction, they had tried many times to talk to her about the medications she was taking. But it did no good. She always stated to them, “I do not have a drug problem. My medications are prescribed by my doctors for me.” Lynn went from one doctor to the next doctor. She would even go out-of-state to different medical facilities for appointments seeking these (2) drugs: Xanax and Oxycodone. If not by prescription from doctors or hospital ER visits, then on the streets. As stated before, prescription drugs like Xanax and Oxycodone are sold on the streets and the cost of these drugs on the streets will depend on where you lived.

    Lynn’s parents continued to talk to her about seeking help for her drug problem through the years. Lynn stated that during that time she would often become enraged, angry, and violent, and she would tell them to shut up! Doing some of her most violent moments, Lynn’s parents had no choice but to call the police when she was staying at their home. Primarily due to Lynn becoming so violent that she started breaking things. Nothing did any good! Lynn would not listen to them. After several years of attempting to talk to Lynn and many trips to the hospital ER for a drug overdose, they were finally worn down. They decided it was time to step aside and see if someone else could help her.

    What they did was step back and allow an outsider to step forward to help Lynn when she was at her lowest point in life on her last trip to the ER. Finally, at the age of thirty-two, this completely helped to save her life. Lynn was able during the past 20 years of her life to mend many fences. She got her life back together by getting clean. Lynn got educated in both illegal and prescription drug abuse. She became a motivated speaker on substance abuse. She repaired the damaged relationships with her mother, stepfather, and grown children. Unfortunately, her grandparents died before Lynn got the chance to be effective in her life.

    It is one regret that has always weighed heavily in Lynn’s heart. During one of the worst times in Lynn’s life, she had stolen money from her grandparents as well as some of her grandmother’s valuable jewelry and pawned those items for money to buy Xanax and Oxycodone on the streets. As I write today, I have often thought of my friend, Lynn. Lynn, when not using drugs and spaced out, was genuinely a very likable and funny person. Lynn loved to tell jokes. She certainly could make you laugh. Lynn died from liver cancer several years ago less than 4 months after her birthday. She was only 53 years old. Cancer had already spread to her bones the last time I saw her.

    I knew it would be only a matter of a few months before cancer would take her life. Unfortunately, the repeated years of drug abuse had finally taken their toll on her liver. There are few people aware that even prescription drug abuse, as well as illegal street drugs, can lead to liver, kidney, and pancreatic damage. It can also cause damage to other parts of your body. Sadly, when the damage is done to a person’s body by years of repeated drug abuse, it usually has gotten to the point that it is not reversible. Most drug addicts find out way too late about the damage the history of drug abuse has done to their bodies. By this time, most of them are at a point in their life where they do not care.

    And as Lynn once stated to me. “I am very thankful that for the last 20 years of my life, I had an incredibly special person (my mentor) who came into my life. She helped to keep me out of prison and change my life. She saved me when no one else could. Lynn was grateful to have had the chance to help others with substance abuse over the years. She said that “they were lost souls like me, and I helped to guide them to a better place in their lives.” Unfortunately, not everyone that Lynn encountered throughout the years was able to be saved. I honestly believe Lynn was at peace with herself when she died. As stated before, Lynn often spoke about how very thankful she was that the damage her drug addiction caused to her relationships with family and friends had been mended.

    Throughout the last 20 years of her life, Lynn has been able to see all three of her children go to college, get married, and have children of their own. Lynn once told me that she counted her blessings every day to have gotten the chance to be part of their lives. Throughout Lynn’s life, she has made many friends. I hope that those who knew Lynn will always remember all the good that she had done. In Lynn’s own words, “For it is not what I was but what I became at the end of my life that mattered.”

    ♥ Fly high, my friend!

    Conclusion:

    ♦♦Anyone interested in learning the dangers of misusing Xanax or Oxycodone, as well as other controlled prescription drugs and illegal street drugs, should check out the websites listed under my reference section. If you need help, seek out resources that can provide the information you need to get back on the road to recovery before it is too late.

    References:

    1. WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/street-drugs-risks

    2. National Institute on Drug Abuse https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugs-brains-behavior-science-addiction/treatment-recovery

    3. American Addiction Centers. https://americanaddictioncenters.org/

    4. CAMH. https://www.camh.ca/en/health-info/guides-and-publications/straight-talk-oxycodone

    5. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. https://www.samhsa.gov/find-help/national-helpline

  • Symptoms and Warning Signs of Mental Illness!

    Symptoms and Warning Signs of Mental Illness!

    Mental illness is a touchy subject for many individuals. Multiple questions are asked by an individual diagnosed with a mental illness, as well as their family and friends. When do symptoms and warning signs of mental illness show up? How old can a person be before signs of mental illness show up? What type of behavior can you expect from a child, adolescent, or adult experiencing symptoms of mental illness? Will each show different signs of mental illness based on their age and gender? These are just a few questions that even individuals working in the medical field have often wondered about as well.Check out this kindle edition of , “the Hidden Signs of Mental Illness: How to Recognize Depression, Anxiety, Trauma, and Emotional Struggles Early,” written by author Tertia Uys.

     The minority of individuals who work in the mental health field usually follow the guidelines for a diagnosis that are outlined in the “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,” written by the American Psychiatric Association. ” A century ago, doctors were slow to diagnose a child or an adolescent with a mental illness. They even question that of an adult with a mental illness. Why? Mental illness is still an unknown area for most individuals to approach and talk about. Why were doctors hesitant to label an individual with a mental illness diagnosis? Mainly because once an individual is diagnosed and labeled with a mental illness, regardless of age, it often stays with them for the rest of their life.

    The problem is learning to understand the behavior of any individual, regardless of age, within their normal range, before deciding on their mental health and well-being. One would also have to ask what has been studied outside of their normal range of behavior before a decision is made about their mental health. Many mental illnesses have their own symptoms, but several share common symptoms and warning signs.

    According to the website, Imperial Calcasieu Human Services Authority, “Trying to tell the difference between what expected behaviors are and what might be the sign of mental illness is not always easy. “According to NAMI, the National Alliance on Mental Illness, “These are just a few signs and symptoms of mental illness listed below that can be associated with adults and adolescents.”

    Agitation / Anxiety.

    Avoiding or having difficulties relating to loved ones, friends, co-workers, and other people in society.

    Confusion, disbelief, or turmoil.

    Difficulties conducting their daily personal grooming habits, such as bathing, washing their hair, brushing their teeth, changing into clean clothes, or even holding down a job.

    Distorted or additional mood swings.

    Failure to maintain their health by refusing to seek medical care when necessary.

    Inability to have or continue a normal intimate relationship.

    Loss of touch with reality—the inability to understand what is real and what is not real.

    Sleepiness/insomnia.

    Suicidal, threatening self-harm, or others.

    Violent or a display of unmanageable behaviors for no known reason.

    Engaging in substance abuse by seeking illegal street drugs, alcohol, or the overuse of prescription narcotic drugs.

    There are many more different symptoms and warning signs of mental illness known to have been displayed throughout the century in adults and adolescents. These were just a few common ones displayed. Everyone diagnosed with a mental illness is different in the degree of symptoms. According to NAMI, the National Alliance on Mental Illness, “When it comes to mental illness in children under the age of thirteen, it is more difficult to make a diagnosis. Below is a list of several ways in which children in this age range have several ways of displaying abnormal behavior outside of their regular, normal characteristics.”

    Anxiety.

    Bedwetting.

    Changes in their grades.

    Disobedience towards parents, teachers, and other adults.

    Destructive behaviors.

    Fighting in school.

    Lack of interest in developing friends, engaging in sports, or any other activities.

    Loss of appetite.

    Nervousness.

    Overeating.

    Repeated nightmares.

    Suicidal, threatening self-harm, or others.

    Temper tantrums.

    Again, these are just a few of the signs and symptoms of mental illness associated with children under the age of thirteen. Often at this age, it is their way of trying to tell an adult something is wrong. Children in this age range usually are afraid to talk to anyone, including their parents, for fear of punishment. Mental illness is like heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and some forms of cancer. It can be caused by many different things. No one is certain as to “why” some people live all their lives and do not suffer from mental illness, while others do.

    Scientists have yet to develop a test that can detect and diagnose the early stages of mental illness in any individual, as they have helped to do so for the following diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and some forms of cancer. Learn to reach out for help as soon as possible for yourself, a loved one, a friend, or anyone in need of help. If you are having problems or suspect someone else may have problems with mental illness, do not wait to seek help. Early detection and diagnosis are especially important to help stabilize mental illness symptoms before the condition worsens.

    Once you or someone you care about is diagnosed, it is especially important to learn all that you can about that type of mental illness. Find out the necessary steps in seeking treatment. According to the (NAMI), which is the abbreviation for the National Alliance of Mental Illness website, “Getting a diagnosis is just the first step. Knowing your own preferences and goals is also important. Treatment for mental illness varies by diagnosis and person. There is no ‘one size fits all’ treatment. Treatment options can include medication, counseling (therapy), social support, and education.” Check out the first book from the “National Alliance on Mental Illness. “You Are Not Alone: The NAMI Guide to Navigating Mental Health,” written by Dr.Ken Duckwork.

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    References

    1.American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm

    2.National Institute of Mental Health. Help for Mental Illnesses. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/find-help

    3.American Accademy of Child &Adolescent Psychiatry. Resource Center.https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Resource_Centers/Home.aspx?hkey=e10a850f-591a-4a5e-b8ce-fff68fb8e017

    4.Hearts 4 Mind.How to Recognize the Signs. https://www.hearts4minds.org/updates/how-to-recognize-the-signs

    Knowing the Symptoms and Warning Signs of Mental Illness!

  • Life as a child

    Life as a child

    I first related to mental illness as a child. I can remember as a small child standing and looking out of a living room window at my grandmother’s house. What I saw frightened and scared me enough to make me cry. My Dad was trying his best to get my Momma into his car. I heard loud voices and saw my Momma crying. She refused to get into the car. I heard my dad cry out for help and heard him say to others that she did not know what she was doing. Suddenly, people surrounded my dad and pushed my mom into the car. I remember taking my small, little fist and hitting the glass windowpane.

    I was, at that time, upset, angry, and crying very loudly. I started yelling, ” Leave my Momma alone! Do not hurt her! Stop making her cry! “My grandmother came quietly into the living room and gently took my small hand into hers. She led me across the room to a rocking chair, picked me up, and placed me onto her lap. I heard my grandmother say,” Quiet child, stop crying. It is going to be all right. I was a 3-year-old child, and they had just taken my Momma away. Most adults often believe that children do not remember things that happen when they are exceedingly small.

     Only later did I grasp what happened that day. At ten, I knew things would never be the same. Studies have shown that many adults worldwide can recall the past from when they were incredibly young. Especially if it was a traumatic experience for them. I did not understand then, and as a small child, no one bothered to explain the reason my Momma was taken away. All I knew was that my Momma was not with me, and I was frightened. Shortly after that, my grandmother’s house caught on fire and burned down to the ground.

     My Dad and grandmother lost everything. We had no fire insurance. Once the house burned down, we had nothing, and times were extremely hard. We were extremely poor at that time. I grew up in old houses that sometimes had broken or cracked windows, or even holes in the walls. Dad would put old rags or newspapers that the neighbors gave us to stop the holes and cracks to keep the cold out. The old windows were covered in large sheets of plastic in the wintertime to keep the chilly air from coming into the house as well.

    Dad and my grandmother, at that time, had to depend on family members, church members, and neighbors to give us things to start over. For a minority of my life growing up, I wore hand-me-down clothes and shoes. It was considered a blessing if my siblings or I got one new outfit or a pair of shoes at Christmas. Toys at Christmas were another thing. You were lucky to get one simple little toy. Birthdays were considered just another day. There were no birthday parties or gifts. Nor did I get a “Happy Birthday” unless my sister and I exchanged that greeting with each other.

     And as my little brother got older, we included him, too. And every year when I was little, I remember my sister and I would say a prayer that one day Momma would come home. My brother had been a baby when she was taken away. He did not remember her, and it would be some time before he even got the chance to meet her. In fact, it was some time before my sister, and I got the chance to see her again. I was a teenager before I understood what had happened to my Momma. My sister and I would listen to my grandmother and aunts talking about Momma.

    Especially when they believed we were not paying any attention to what they were saying. They believed that children should not hear these things. I remember asking a teacher in middle school what” mental illness meant.” After my talk with the teacher, I knew that the chances of my Momma ever coming home were not good. It was especially so at that time because people simply did not understand mental illness, nor were a lot of people educated about it. The world was a different place for individuals diagnosed with any type of mental illness back then.

    There were very few people who talked about mental illness openly and the effects it had on an individual, as well as their families. Even then, the medical field had limited knowledge of what caused some individuals to develop a mental illness while others did not. I learned as a young adult and throughout the years that the research in the mental illness field is limited. Mental health, throughout the years, has been at the bottom of the list as being important enough to be granted enough research funds to make an enormous difference.

    Many incidents can cause PTSD: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in a child or an adolescent. I strongly believe that PTSD: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder affects children at a very young age. I encourage parents and other family members, as well as authorized caretakers, to seek help for a child who may display signs of PTSD. A few weeks ago, a friend showed me a paperback workbook written by author, Lisa Weed Phifer called,“Trauma-Informed Social-Emotional Toolbox for Children & Adolescents: 116 Worksheets & Skill-Building Exercises to Support Safety, Connection & Empowerment.” I found this workbook very interesting.

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  • The National Mental Health Hotline For All 50 States!

    The National Mental Health Hotline For All 50 States!

    NORTHEAST

    MIDWEST

    SOUTH

    WEST

    Reference

    1. Mental Health Hotline.https://mentalhealthhotline.org

  • In-depth Look at Panic Attack /Disorder

    In-depth Look at Panic Attack /Disorder

    Panic Attacks / Disorder:

    It is a sudden, intense episode of horrible fear. It is often triggered because of many distinct reasons. Most individuals experience severe physical reactions to panic disorders. A panic disorder can cripple an individual to the point that they cannot function and even perform simple, everyday life skills. During an episode, several individuals believe they are truly dying when they have a panic attack.

    Although most panic attacks only last a few minutes up to 30 minutes, some last a little longer. Once an individual is back in control, they often feel relieved but exhausted. Panic attacks/disorders go hand-in -hand with anxiety attacks, except symptoms are stronger. Most individuals who have anxiety often start with anxiety attacks that build up over time into full-blown panic attacks.

    Symptoms of panic attacks /disorder:

    There are many symptoms associated with panic attack such as the following listed below:

    -Tachycardic, etc., rapid heartbeats/heart palpitations

    -Hyperventilate or have shortness of breath

    -Headaches

    -Dizziness

    -Difficulty breathing

    -Nausea

    -Sweating

    -Hot flashes

    – Cold / Chills

    -Some individual’s vomit

    -Trembling/Shaking

    -Tingling/numbness in their fingers, feet, face, arms, legs, and even their lips.

    There are a lot of panic attacks often mistaken for heart attacks due to the ongoing chest pain symptoms. Unfortunately, many individuals believe that during a panic attack, they are experiencing a full-blown heart attack, and they are truly dying. Panic attacks can also be caused by an individual worrying about health problems like heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, cancer, etc. When left untreated, panic attacks can lead to the most serious health problems for an individual.

    Reasons for panic attacks /disorder:

    Research has shown there are no underlying causes for panic disorders/attacks. There are several different things in an individual’s life that may trigger a panic attack.

    -Genetics can play a part in this illness

    -Stress- worrying about anything can bring on an attack. Work, family, friends, health concerns, or just being sensitive to stress can trigger a panic attack.

    -Being prone to negative emotions/feelings.

    -Worrying about bills or health concerns.

    -Having a sudden change in your brain functions. {Stroke, trauma, or illness that affect certain parts of the brain.

    Yes, most panic attacks come suddenly, they create an unnecessary feeling of fear, and sometimes provoke strong physical reactions, usually to everyday life stressors that are non-threatening to an individual. It is important to remember that panic attacks are always treatable. If you are not on any medications to help with panic attacks, then you should be if you cannot get control over them on your own.

    Ways to help:

    1. Try to avoid caffeine, alcohol, and smoking. They will increase and make panic attacks worse.

    2. Exercise daily on a regular schedule.

    3. Eat a healthy diet.

    4. Do not use illegal drugs.

    5. Learn to avoid places, people, and things that trigger panic attacks.

    6. Learn to manage your stressors in healthy ways.

    7. Practice deep breathing exercises.

    8. Stay focused on the present.

    *You can also refer to my article on anxiety to see other ways to help with panic attacks.

    *The most important thing to remember is never to be afraid to reach out for support when panic attack symptoms start! It is never too late to get help, and the sooner, the better!

    References

    1. National Institute of Mental Health. Panic Disorder. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/panic-disorder

    2. American Psychological Association. Panic Disorder: Answers to your most important questions. https://www.apa.org/topics/anxiety/panic-disorder

    3. Cleveland Clinic. Panic Attacks & Panic Disorder. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4451-panic-attack-panic-disorder

    4. PsychCenter. All about Panic Disorder. https://psychcentral.com/anxiety/panic-disorder-overview#whats-panic-disorder

    5. National Institute of Mental Health. Suicide Prevention. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/suicide-prevention

    6.Mayo Clinic. Panic attacks and panic disorder. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/panic-attacks/symptoms-causes/syc-20376021

  • Bipolar-II Disorder

    Bipolar-II Disorder

    It is a sudden, intense episode of horrible fear. It is often triggered because of many distinct reasons. Most individuals experience severe physical reactions to panic disorders. A panic disorder can cripple an individual to the point that they cannot function and even perform simple, everyday life skills.

    Fortunately, the less-elevated moods displayed in bipolar II disorder are often classified as “hypomanic periods,” or as some refer to them as “hypomania events!” Most individuals with bipolar II disorder will experience at least one “hypomanic event” in their lifetime.

    Symptoms associated with bipolar-II disorder:

    *An individual experiencing a “hypomanic event” displays the following symptoms:

    -Their thought process changes rapidly, and they often go from one idea to another.

    -Often, these individuals overstate or enlarge their feelings of self-confidence.

    -They speak in very loud, rapid voices and do not like to be interrupted.

    -Most individuals need little to no sleep when they are in the state of “hypomania.”

    -They function at a remarkably elevated level of energy!

    Most people enjoy being around an individual experiencing a “hypomanic event” in their life. “Why!” These individuals seem to be “very sociable, lively, and amusing individuals.” They bring a lot of excitement and joy to a party. They tend to have an intense, outgoing personality. They enjoy cracking jokes, goofing off, acting like a clown sometimes, and displaying “happy feelings” when around others. They are considered the “Life of the Party!”

    Let’s again look at the difference between Bipolar I and Bipolar II Disorders.

    Unfortunately, both bipolar I & II have mood episodes. During the highs, they are basically known as “manic episodes.” While the lows are mostly known as “depressive episodes.” Depending on the type of bipolar disorder, many individuals will not experience episodes of depression with their bipolar disorder. Everyone should learn what the main difference is between bipolar I and bipolar II.

    Mostly, it depends on how severe your mania episodes are. If you have bipolar II, your “mania” episode is not as severe as that of an individual with bipolar I. It is reversed where “depressive episodes” are concerned. An individual with bipolar I may not experience a depressive episode at all. Unfortunately, an individual diagnosed with bipolar II may have a major blow-out depressive episode.

    The symptoms associated with “Mania episodes” include:

    • The inability to sleep
    • Not being able to focus
    • Having a huge amount of energy
    • Restlessness
    • Extremely joyful/happy
    • Acting out in a harmful manner

    The symptoms associated with “Major Depressive  episodes” include:

    • fatigue
    • impatience
    • distracted
    • inability to sleep well
    • loss of appetite
    • Maybe suicidal

    Bipolar disorders are based on the severity of an individual’s mood episode, the duration of the mood, and the type of mood. The difference to the International Bipolar Foundation, “One major difference between Bipolar I and Bipolar II is the intensity of manic episodes. Bipolar I involves periods of severe mania, whereas Bipolar II involves periods of less hypomania. Bipolar I and Bipolar II involve different mood swings, elevated levels of energy, and intense focusing in one area.

    Different Types of Bipolar Disorders {2}

    1. Bipolar I disorder.

    2. Bipolar II disorder

    3. Cyclothymic disorder

    4. Other specified bipolar and related disorder

    5. Unspecified bipolar and related disorder

    Cyclothymic Disorder– often referred to as cyclothymia} is diagnosed when an individual has repeated events of hypomanic and depressive symptoms, but an individual does not experience events for a lengthy period to be considered hypomanic or depressive episodes.

     Other specified bipolar and related disorder–

    When it is referred to this type of bipolar disorder the symptoms that an individual is diagnosed with (such as manic or depressive episodes), do not fit into other bipolar categories.

    Unspecified bipolar and related disorder-

    Unfortunately, with this diagnose it may be very much alike and tend to fall close to the “other specific bipolar and related disorder.” It is often used in emergency departments when a doctor has not been given enough information to make a complete diagnose or the individual has not been in the emergency room long enough for an ER doctor to make a complete diagnosis.

    To be diagnosed with bipolar I disorder, you must have experienced one or more mania episodes. When an individual experiences bipolar II disorder, the characteristic of this disorder involves both hypomanic and depressive episodes. Individuals who experience bipolar II disorder will never have completely intense, full -blown mania episodes. The symptoms of bipolar II disorder are not weaker than those of bipolar I disorder. It is simply different in the symptoms an individual may experience.

    Research has shown that bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder are just two of the major forms of bipolar disorders. The American Psychiatric Association (APA} has included research studies that have shown there are at least five diverse types of bipolar and related disorders.

    Summary

    If you or someone you know are experiencing symptoms of any type of bipolar disorder, please see a doctor as soon as possible for a referred to a professional mental health provider. Always be upfront about your symptoms. Remember that it is particularly important for your overall health to keep an open, honest line of communication to receive the proper diagnosis and treatment plan for you. Treatment plans vary differently depending on the individual’s symptoms.

    References

    1. National Institute of Mental Health. Bipolar Disorder. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder

    2. Toler, Lindsey {Updated 2022. Aug.06. Are There Different Types of Bipolar Disorder? https://www.verywellmind.com/are-there-different-types-of-bipolar-disorder-5194673

    3. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. American Psychiatric Association; 2013. https://archive.org/details/american-psychiatric-association-diagnostic-and-statistical-manual-of-mental-dis

    4.Gaissert, Anna. Bipolar I vs Bipolar II-What is the difference? https://ibpf.org/articles/bipolar-i-vs-bipolar-ii-whats-the-difference/#_ftn4

    5.National Alliance on Mental Illness. Bipolar Disorder. https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Bipolar-Disorder/

    6.MentalHealth.com. Comparing Bipolar I and Bipolar II. https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/bipolar-1-vs-bipolar-2Note: “Bipolar II is just as serious as Bipolar I.”

    Note: “Bipolar II is just as serious as Bipolar I.”

  • Bipolar-I Disorder

    Bipolar-I Disorder

    What do we know about Bipolar I Disorder?

    Bipolar Disorder is basically classified as a manic-depressive disorder or manic depression. It is classified as a form of mental illness. Most individuals who experience bipolar I disorder have severe symptoms that can last a week or longer. Individuals experiencing the “mania” state often display similar behaviors; yet they can also differ in other individuals during their periods of mood swings. There are many symptoms associated with bipolar I disorder. Research has documented that not all individuals have shown the same symptoms during a “mania” state.

    Symptoms associated with bipolar I disorder: Listed below are just some of the symptoms.

    1. Not sleeping at all. {Or sleeping for short periods of time.}

    2. Not eating. [Or overeating.}

    3. Impulsive behaviors. [Spending money they did not have.}

    4. Easy to become annoyed. [Or irritated and provoked easily.}

    5. Often distracted. {Cannot focus even for a short amount of time.}

    6. Displaying racing thoughts. {Usually towards people. places, other things in life.}

    7. Showing signs of an elevated level of energy. [High levels of energy.]

    8. Not able stay still. {Unable sit down, stand, or stay in one place for long.}

    9. Speaking in an extremely fast tone of voice. {Using a different tone of voice.}

    10. Being very talkative. {Talking again extremely fast about things does not make any sense.}

    11. Not really making full sentences. {Talking using an odd, unknown language pattern.}

    12. Having greater self-esteem. {Used to make themselves feel more important.}

    13. Displaying overindulging habits. [Spending money unnecessarily.}

    14. Doing things that become dangerous. {Not only to themselves but also to others.}

    Studies have shown there are several important reasons why some individuals develop bipolar disorders, and others do not.

    -Genetics and stress play a major part in developing bipolar disorder.

    – Research throughout the years has documented studies on individuals in which diseases or trauma that directly affected the brain could cause bipolar disorder as well.

    Unfortunately, throughout the years, many individuals whom I have known about bipolar disorder display suicidal thoughts. Several attempted or committed suicide.

    Words that an incredibly good friend spoke told me once…. She said, “When my bipolar symptoms are at their worst… My whole life feels like it is falling apart. It is like I have no control over anything in my life. It is a horrible, crippling, and frightening feeling! And unless you have this disease, you cannot understand the fear that it brings!”

    ♠Suicide Prevention♠

    If you are aware of anyone at immediate risk of self-harm, suicide, or who may have the intent of harming another person:

    -Please talk calmly to them.

    -Listen to them talk without making any judgments about them.

    -Ask if they are thinking about harming themselves, others, or if they have any suicidal thoughts.

    -Call the local emergency 911 number for help or an emergency hotline number to see if the individual will talk with a crisis counselor. {If someone else is with you, have them step aside and make this call}

    -If you are with the individual, please do not leave them. Stay until the local emergency service providers arrive to transport the individual to a nearby facility for immediate help.

    – If you are not with them. Please get someone who will remain calm, whom the individual may know and trust, to talk to over the phone.

    – Then, if you are close by and comfortable with going to the individual’s home, then go to their home. {Only do this if you feel sure the individual will not harm you.

    -Try to remove any immediate danger from the individual’s home. Such as weapons, medications, and any other items that the individual may use to harm themselves or someone else.

    -Always encourage the individual to seek help.

    -Always take the time to explain the importance of taking medications to treat their symptoms to the individual. [Especially if they do not understand how important this really is for their own.  overall health.

    -Never give up on a loved one or a friend in need.

    ♥ If you are experiencing a crisis, please call the 988  LIFELINE!

    References

    1.988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline.  https://988lifeline.org/

    2. Healthline.com. Everything You Need to Know About Bipolar Disorder. https://www.healthline.com/health/bipolar-disorder

    3. WebMD. Bipolar Disorder. https://www.webmd.com/bipolar-disorder/bipolar-1-disorder

    4. Mayo Clinic. Bipolar Disorder. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20355955

    5. National Institute of Mental Health. Suicide Prevention. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/suicide-prevention

  • Anxiety/Panic Disorder

    Anxiety/Panic Disorder

    What is anxiety?

    Anxiety is a feeling that many individuals often experience when they are stressed out. They may experience diverse types of symptoms. Studies have shown that not everyone has the same symptoms or all the symptoms that are associated with the feeling of anxiety.

    Symptoms

    Symptoms -may vary in individuals. They may not experience all the symptoms associated with this anxiety/ panic disorder, such as restlessness, irritability, nervousness, headaches, sweating, insomnia, uneasiness, unnecessary worry, nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and even tremors. There are several other symptoms associated with anxiety disorders as well.

    Anxiety /panic disorder tends to fall into several groups of mental illnesses. Which is classified as a part of the mental illness field.

    Agoraphobia -will often cause an individual to avoid places or situations that might cause them to panic. Most individuals who suffer from agoraphobia have anywhere from mild to severe panic attacks. I worked with a 25-year-old female years ago that experience a severe panic attack. It was like her mind and body froze up! She could not function and could not even perform her daily living activities. Thank goodness her mother was able to aid her and finally get medical help for her.

    Generalized anxiety disorder -involves excessive and persistent anxiety for an individual that creates consistent worry about even simple, ordinary activities. Years ago, I had a family member who suffered from this disorder. She even worried about what foods she could eat at each meal daily and if she needed to exercise daily. Making her bed and washing clothes every day was a problem.

    Panic disorder- involves repeated episodes of sudden feelings of intense anxiety that tend to occur rapidly. Most individuals who have panic attacks experience the following symptoms: shortness of breath, chest pain, or rapid, fluttering, or pounding heart (heart palpitations). My daughter started with panic attacks when she was 6 years old. Thank goodness our family doctor placed her on medications. She is an adult now, but at times she will experience a panic attack when her stress level is exceedingly high.

    Social anxiety disorders –will often create elevated levels of anxiety for an individual. They tend to experience fear and will avoid getting involved in any social situations due to feelings of embarrassment. Most individuals who suffer from social anxiety disorder are very self-conscious and concerned about being judged negatively by other individuals. As a teenager and a young adult, I often had problems with this. People were judging me. I stayed mostly to myself and did not make a lot of friends. Eventually, I learned to overcome my fears.

    Separation anxiety disorder- has been mostly classified as a childhood disorder characterized by a prominent level of anxiety shown by a child when they are separated from their parents. It can also include grandparents or other caretakers who play a key role in a child’s life.

    My children experienced this when they were small, and a lot of small children do. Occasionally, I know several adults can experience this type of anxiety. Usually, adults depend on their parents a great deal of their time for everything related to their lives. They were very clingy towards their parents and displayed childlike behaviors.

    A lot of individuals are unaware that animals can have these feelings as well. I have problems with my dogs. My younger dogs tend to become terribly upset when I leave them at home alone, and like to chew things up. Therefore, I put them up in a kennel pen until I come back home. Unfortunately, when I come back home, my younger dogs tend to be unsociable towards me for about two to three hours. Guess it is my punishment for leaving them alone. My older dog just lies around and goes to sleep. She is not bothered by my leaving and has never even been like a puppy. I have noticed that several small children act this way towards their parents or caretakers when they experience separation anxiety disorder. 

    Substance-induced anxiety disorder – symptoms include intense anxiety or panic that most individuals believe can often directly involve street drugs, encountering a toxic substance or withdrawal from drugs. But this does not necessarily mean just street drugs. Individuals tend to experience symptoms of substance-induced anxiety disorder related to prescription drugs as well. These are just a few of the many diverse types of anxiety disorders. New, differently labelled ones tend to pop up every day. Most individuals who suffer from an anxiety disorder experience constant and overwhelming anxiety and fear when doing even simple things in life. When their anxiety level is high, many individuals tend to hide themselves from the world.

    There are many individuals who are not aware of the reason as to “why” they suffer from an anxiety disorder. During the last century, doctors have become more aware of the circumstances involved in individuals developing anxiety disorders. There are many reasons as to “why” an individual may experience diverse types of anxiety disorders.

    What are the reasons for these anxiety /panic disorders?

    Genetically inherited- research has shown there is a likelihood that if an individual has a family member who has suffered from an anxiety disorder, then it can be passed down through generations to other family members.

    Traumatic events-most children who were exposed to abuse (physical, emotional, or sexual) or other traumatic experiences will often develop anxiety disorders. Children who come from homes where domestic violence is present or are brought up in this type of environment often suffer from anxiety disorders and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Many adults exposed to any traumatic experiences will often develop anxiety disorders.

    Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) -is a mental health condition that causes severe anxiety. Often, it is triggered by a horrible event that has happened to that individual, or they have seen something horrible. Many individuals experience a lifetime of emotional scars. Symptoms may include flashbacks of traumatic events that happen, difficulty sleeping, frequent nightmares, and difficulty adjusting and coping, even with a simple routine involving their daily lifestyle.

    Stressful Events/ Stress related to health problems-creates a lot of anxiety, which unfortunately can play a big part in an individual’s health problems. Several illnesses like diabetes, heart problems, or high blood pressure, as well as other ongoing chronic health problems, have been known to be related not only to an individual’s lifestyle or heredity factors but also to their stress level. Family conflicts, financial problems, lack of friendships, fear of the unknown, work-related issues, school-related issues, and the loss of a loved one.

    Drug or alcohol -many individuals are unaware of the danger that engages in using, overusing, or even withdrawing from street drugs, habit -forming prescription drugs, and alcohol. They often do not understand that this can cause severe anxiety.

    Brain damage-these changes can occur due to strokes, trauma involving the brain, cancer, drug abuse, or other health problems that directly affect the brain alone and can create distinct types of anxiety disorders to be displayed by an individual.

    Certain medications- most individuals are not aware that certain medications, whether they are prescription medications or over-the-counter medications, can trigger anxiety/panic attacks.

    Other Mental Health Disorders-there are many mental health disorders that often lead to an individual experiencing stress.

    What can help?

    1. Walking daily does help. Even if it is only for 15 to 20 minutes.

    2. Use aromatherapy. There are several scents that create a smooth/calming environment.

    3. Exercise using low-impact exercises.

    4. Learn and avoid triggers.

    5. Set up and attend therapy.

    6. Take your medications on a routine schedule.

    7. Keep a journal daily.

    8. Learn to love reading. Reading an enjoyable book in a quiet place can be calming.

    9. Talk to your doctor about vitamin supplements that may help.

    10. Learn to like/love yourself.

    11. Socialize with others! Enjoy time with family.

    12. Make friends who will have a positive effect on you.

    13. Be yourself. Do not try to be someone you are not.

    14. Learn to laugh more.

    A friend once told me to always remember:

    “Laughter is God’s hand on a troubled world!”  So….

    -Laugh a lot!

    -Love hard!

    -Live long!

    *The most important thing to remember is never to be afraid to reach out for support when anxiety/panic symptoms start! It is never too late to get help, and the sooner, the better!

    References

    1. Very Well Health. Understanding the Different Types of Anxiety Disorders. https://www.verywellhealth.com/types-of-anxiety-disorders-8629891

    2. National Institute of Mental Health. What is Anxiety? https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders

    3. Mayo Clinic. Anxiety Disorders.https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anxiety/symptoms-causes/syc-20350961

    4. American Psychiatric Association. What are anxiety disorders? https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/anxiety-disorders/what-are-anxiety-disorders

    5. National Institute of Mental Health. Suicide Prevention. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/suicide-prevention

  • Anorexia

    Anorexia

     Anorexia and Mental Illness

    A mental illness is a health condition that causes changes in an individual’s emotional state, thought process, and demeanor. Individuals with mental health disorders display increased problems in the following areas of their lives, such as work, social settings, and relationship problems.

    According to the National Institute of Mental Health, recent research shows that eating disorders are considered severe mental health disorders. The fact is, anorexia is a form of mental illness that often creates serious health problems, and death may even occur if left untreated.

    What is Anorexia?

    Anorexia is referred to as “Anorexia Nervosa” and, as stated before, is classified as an eating disorder. It is outlined by an individual’s behavior of restricting their food intake and an alarming decrease in an individual’s body weight. Most individuals who suffer from anorexia have an increasing fear of becoming fat, even to the point that a 1 or 2-pound weight gain causes a panic attack.

    Listed below are two distinct types of anorexia nervosa:

    Restricting Type {AN-R}: Occurs when an individual has excessive food limitations, only eats certain types of foods, and goes overboard in counting their calories, and most of the time severely monitors their food intake. Many individuals engage in unreasonable exercises to the point of severe fatigue.

    Binge/Purge Type {AN-BP}: Individuals in this group include periods of food restrictions, but it also involves binge eating/ and eventually purging. Binge eating is when an individual will eat a large amount of food in a truly brief period. Purging can include the use of an enema kit, laxatives, self-induced vomiting, and excessive exercise, as well as fasting. Fasting is when an individual drinks nothing but clear liquids for several days.

    Note: During the period when the process of anorexia advances, an individual’s thoughts are centered on their food intake and whole-body image.

    Who is at risk for developing Anorexia?

    1. Family Genetic History –Is there a history of someone in the family who had signs of anorexia, or were they diagnosed with it?
    2. Personality Traits-Individuals who have a challenging time managing their stress level. Individuals who want their bodies to be perfect. They also tend to be very vulnerable to how people see them.
    3. Individuals in Public & Non-Public Areas– The culture they come from, peer pressure, social media, and the environment in which they are involved. Individuals involved in sports or other areas that include a wide variety, such as actors, actresses, models, dancers, and figure skaters. In an area that involves events of how an individual’s body image is supposed to look, according to critics.
    4. Mental Health-Some individuals who suffer from “Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Traits” tend to develop eating disorders.

    According to the “Academy for Eating Disorders ” website, anorexia nervosa causes not only significant problems that affect an individual’s eating habits but also leads to serious repercussions for most of the organs within the body. On the “Academy for Eating Disorders ” website, it is also stated that it is highly likely that purging behaviors often lead to life-threatening medical conditions, which can sometimes include even an individual’s death. There are many times in which an individual who suffers from anorexia nervosa does not show visible signs of their illness. A lot of individuals tend to hide their illness by avoiding contact with other people, and they also tend to stay mostly to themselves by being aloof around others or by wearing a lot of clothing even in warmer weather. For more information about the side effects associated with anorexia nervosa, please visit their website at https://www.eatingdisorderacademy.com/learn/anorexia

    According to the American Psychiatric Association,” anorexia nervosa is a condition that most certainly affects an individual’s physical, psychological, and social functions. When you look at their websites,  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/eating-disorders/what-are-eating-disorders, include several types of eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, avoidant restrictive food intake disorder, other specified feeding and eating disorder, pica, and rumination disorder. To read and learn more about these eating disorders, please visit the above website for more information on each different eating disorder.

    Note: There are many physical and behavioral symptoms associated with anorexia nervosa, which is often just referred to as anorexia. Most individuals do not understand that anorexia nervosa is a starvation that affects the brain. Many of these symptoms can cause lifelong and permanent health problems. It is particularly important to seek help as soon as possible for yourself or for a loved one.

    References

    1. American Psychiatric Association. What Is Mental Illness? https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/what-is-mental-illness

    2. Academy for Eating Disorders. Eating Disorders are Serious Mental Illnesses.https://www.aedweb.org/aedold/getinvolved/advocacy/position-statements/eating-disorders-are-serious-mental-illnesses

    3. American Psychiatric Association. What are eating disorders?  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/eating-disorders/what-are-eating-disorders

    4. Mayo Clinic–Anorexia Nervosa. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anorexia-nervosa/symptoms-causes/syc-20353591

  • What is Mental Illness?

    What is Mental Illness?

    How can one describe mental illness?

    Mental illness is often defined as a difference in an individual’s demeanor, emotional reaction, or rational thoughts that could steer them in the direction of discomfort or difficult challenges while attempting to function within any social setting, employment area, or even within their family lifestyle. There are millions of individuals affected by mental illness every year. Many families have been torn apart due to mental illness. Check out this Kindle Edition book, “Mental Illness: What to Know and How to Help (Hope and Healing)”, by author Amy Simpson.

    During the last century, there have been multiple diverse types of mental illnesses. Anyone can read the treatment and diagnosis decision based on the profile of each mental illness in the Kindle Edition of “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5)”, by author Peter Helleno.

    Various Types of Mental Illnesses.

    This article is written to show several of the most frequent types of mental illness seen today. Unfortunately, these are not all of the mental illnesses known throughout the medical field today.

    ●Anorexia Disorder

    ●Antisocial Personality Disorder

    ●Anxiety Disorder

    ●Bipolar I Disorder

    ●Bipolar II Disorder

    ●Borderline Personality Disorder

    ●Bulimia Disorder

    ●Delusional Disorder

    ●Mania Depression Disorder

    ●Narcissistic Personality Disorder

    ●Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

    ●Panic Disorder

    ●Parkinson’s Disease Disorder

    ●Postpartum Anxiety Disorder

    ●Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

    ●Schizoaffective Disorder

    ●Schizophrenia Disorder

    ●Schizophreniform Disorder

    ●Schizotypal Personality Disorder

    ●Depression Disorder   

    ●Mania Depression Disorder

    ●Panic Disorders

    ●Schizophrenia Disorder

    ●Schizoaffective disorder

    ●Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder             

    Most individuals in society often wonder what can cause a person to have a mental illness. Scientists/ doctors/ or research programs are still in the dark when it comes to understanding the real reason behind an individual who has been diagnosed with a mental illness. Truth be told, there is no single cause for mental illness.

    One of the most popular myths over the years has been the fact that the “chemical imbalances” within your brain play a major part in being completely responsible for contributing to all mental illness. We are going to break this down a little bit further, but according to research, your brain has “neurotransmitters” that are considered the chemical messengers that help to pass information between your nerve cells. Examples of these neurotransmitters include the following: norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine.

    The chemical imbalance in your brain has been associated with mental illness conditions and mood swings. But today, researchers still have not provided enough evidence to support the fact that chemical imbalances alone are the main cause of mental health conditions. Lately, doctors/scientists/and research programs have considered several other factors that could contribute to mental health conditions.

    Here is what is at the top of my list.

    ● Genes……also called “genetics” or your family’s hereditary factors. Which is “what” is considered passed down from the bloodline through your family to you, just like heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, strokes, and some forms of cancer?

    ●Trauma…… emotional, physical, or mental abuse. What happens to you throughout your life, starting from birth and up, can affect your mental outcome in life.

    ●Medications…… that can alter your train of thought, personality, and ability to function in a normal way.

    ●Illegal drugs and alcohol…… play a big part in changing an individual’s ability to think or act appropriately.

    ●Even loneliness or isolation…… from family, friends, associates, co-workers, etc, can cause a mental breakdown. People often need others to interact with daily at some point and time to be able to live and thrive in a normal functioning manner.

    What are the most common warning signs of mental illness?

    ●Severe mood swings, from high to low.

    ●Displaying happiness to sadness in a short or lengthy period.

    ●Suicidal, even sometimes homicidal. Threatening to harm oneself or others.

    ● Fearful of everyone or everything around you.

    ● Lack of self-care. Not taking care of your body, such as bathing, brushing your hair, or changing into clean clothes.

    ●Refusing to eat or drink anything. Being afraid that someone is poisoning you!

    ●Delusional. Believing in things that are not real.

    ●Hallucinations. False perceptions of things that are not true.

    ●Withdrawn from interacting with family, friends, employment, and other social activities.

    Common Medications Used to Treat Mental Illness.

    In today’s world, there are many unusual types of medications used to treat the symptoms of mental illness. How well they work will depend on several factors and the individual taking them. I strongly believe that the most important thing for all individuals suffering from any type of mental illness is to have a fanatical support system. Whether it is family, friends, church members, neighbors, teachers, or co-workers. But at the top of my list, it is always a strong “family member support that is best!”

    Here is a list of several common medications used for the treatment of mental illness and some examples of “why” they are used.

    ● Stimulants-Used to treat the earlier onset of psychosis, ADHD, substance use disorders, and other mental health issues.

    ● Mood Stabilizers-Commonly used to treat high and low mood swings, in bipolar disorder (Manic depression). Helps to reduce sleep disorders, delusions, hallucinations, agitated behaviors, and repeated relapses from occurring.

    ● Antidepressants-Used to treat depression, bipolar disorder, ADHD, OCD, and other mental health issues.

    ●Antipsychotics-Used for individuals suffering from schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and psychosis. The primary use of these drugs is to treat individuals experiencing hallucinations, delusions, depression, and bipolar nerve disorders. They are also used as mood stabilizers.

    ●Anti-anxiety medications-Commonly used to treat anxiety disorders, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder or social anxiety disorder.

    Seeking help for your mental illness.

    For any individual suffering from a mental illness, regardless of what type of mental health condition you are experiencing, the best or most important thing you can do for yourself is to seek help as soon as possible. Do not put this off and think you will get better on your own, nor should you ever try to treat your mental health problems with street drugs. Find a doctor(s) that you can relate to and feel comfortable interacting with them.

    Make sure you are upfront and honest with your doctor(s) and medical health providers. This is particularly important so they can make the correct diagnosis. Only then can they find the best option for treating your mental illness. Even then there may still be a need to change your medications until the right medication is found that will help you to control your symptoms without making you feel like a walking zombie. Remember that everyone is different.

    Summary

    Mental illness is nothing to be ashamed of. Again, it is a medical problem, just like heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, strokes, or different forms of cancer. In the references listed in this article, there are several sites that you can visit to read more information about different areas of medications used to treat mental illness, as well as the hardcover of the book, “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Dsm-5-tr, 5th Edition” by the American Psychiatric Association.

    “As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases.”

    References:

    1. American Psychiatric Association. (2022) “Diagnostic and statistical Manual of mental disorders” (5th ed., text rev.) https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787

    2. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. Antipsychotic Médications. https://www.camh.ca/en/health-info/mental-illness-and-addiction-index/antipsychotic-medication

    3. Everyday Health. Which Medications Are Best for Anxiety Disorders? https://www.everydayhealth.com/anxiety/guide/medications/

    4. Healthline.com. Which Drugs Treat Anxiety Disorder? https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety-drugs#benzodiazepines

    5. International OCD Foundation. Medications for OCD. https://iocdf.org/about-ocd/ocd-treatment/meds/

    6. International OCD Foundation. What Causes OCD? https://iocdf.org/about-ocd/what-causes-ocd/

    7.} Mayo Clinic. Antidepressants: Selecting one that is right for you. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20046273